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Helping young people use screens: autonomy and safety

In our modern world, screens have become an integral part of young people's lives. Overconsumption of these technologies can be a source of mental and physical problems. Precaution and prevention are therefore essential to avoid any excesses linked to overexposure. Here are a number of ways to promote balanced use of screens, and strategies to help young people make autonomous and safe use of these devices.

How can we promote good screen use among young people?

Proper use of screens

Jean-François Céci, in his work on learning about and through digital technology, stresses the importance of educating the younger generation to use digital technology wisely, by integrating digital technology constructively into education (Digital learning) REF [^1^]. The aim is to strike a balance between the beneficial use of screens in daily life and the promotion of healthy alternative activities. According to an Ipsos survey conducted in January 2023, children spend an average of 1h19 a day in front of a screen during the week, and 2h07 at weekends.

Use screens in a balanced way

Balancing the use of digital media means defining screen-free times. Activities that stimulate creativity, social interaction and physical development should be favored. It is also beneficial to establish daily routines where technology is deliberately set aside. Quality family time or quiet periods for relaxation and personal reflection will then be instituted. This underlines the importance of relationships for the development of social skills.

Digital tools to support young people

Carefully selected educational digital tools enrich learning. Key skills can be developed in young people, provided their use is supervised and intentional. Integrating these devices into a well-thought-out pedagogical framework not only diversifies learning methods, but also prepares young people to surf the digital waves critically and creatively.

What are the dangers of overexposure to screens for children and teenagers?

Health risks for young people

Long exposure to screens is associated with various health risks, such as sleep disorders, obesity and vision problems. These potential dangers call for increased vigilance on the part of parents and educators. Regular physical activity and off-screen leisure activities serve to counterbalance these effects and promote a healthier lifestyle.

The effects of overconsumption of screens on development

During adolescence, excessive use of digital devices can have a negative impact on young people's cognitive and emotional development. This limits their ability to interact effectively in non-digital environments. It's important to encourage young people to develop social skills away from screens, through face-to-face interaction and group activities.

Preventing and managing screen addiction in adolescents

It's vital to recognize the signs of problematic use of connected devices. Adopting preventive strategies to avoid addiction, such as setting clear limits on use and promoting diversified interests, is then necessary. Participation in rewarding activities that offer gratification in the real world can reduce the risk of addiction to these tools.

How can we protect children from the dangers of the Internet, social networking sites and video games?

Establish rules and limits for screen use

Establishing clear and consistent rules regarding screen time and the types of content accessible is fundamental to protecting young people. Parents will need to tailor these rules to the age, maturity and individual needs of their children or teenagers.

In 2008, psychiatrist Serge Tisseron developed the 3-6-9-12 rule to help adults, especially parents. It states that no screens before the age of three, no personal games consoles before the age of six, no accompanied Internet use before the age of nine, and no Internet use alone before the age of twelve (or before starting secondary school).

Prevent cyberbullying and the dangers of social networking

Educating children and teenagers about the risks of cyberbullying is fundamental. Encouraging them to adopt respectful online behavior are key steps to making their digital experience safe. Creating a trusting environment where young people feel comfortable sharing their online experiences with adults can help to identify and spot cyberbullying problems early on.

Helping young people use video games responsibly

Video games, when used responsibly, offer opportunities for learning and development. However, adults need to monitor their content and encourage young people to think critically about the messages and values conveyed through their play experiences.

What role can parents and professionals play in helping young people use screens?

Tips to help parents understand the importance of parental control

Parents need to be informed about the parental control tools available, and encouraged to talk openly with their children about their digital consumption. The use of these tools should not replace dialogue and trust, but rather serve as a complement to conscious and thoughtful digital education.

Collaboration between parents, teachers and healthcare professionals

A collaborative approach involving parents, teachers and healthcare professionals is needed to develop coherent strategies for supporting young people in the face of these challenges. This collaboration can also provide a wider support network for teenagers. It will provide them with the resources they need to navigate the digital world safely and ethically.

Encouraging dialogue and the sharing of experience to improve screen management

Dialogue between parents and children about digital experiences, and the sharing of tips and strategies between families, contribute to more effective management of the consumption of connected devices. Community forums, educational workshops and support groups can be valuable spaces for exchanging ideas and experiences. This will strengthen young people's resilience in the face of digital challenges.

In conclusion

Supporting young people in their use of screens requires a balanced approach that integrates education, prevention and dialogue. By implementing strategies based on research and collaboration, we can promote screen use that fosters young people's autonomy and safety.

Disclaimer

This article is based on studies and data available up to the date of writing. Parents and educators are encouraged to keep abreast of the latest research to adapt their approaches to the changing digital landscape.

Reference

REF [^1^]. Céci, J.-F. "Learning about and through the digital: training the younger generations in the right use of the digital." Link

21/02/2024
How to manage screen use and content among young children?

With the omnipresence of screens and the risks of overexposing their children to them, many parents have questions about their children's use of these technologies. Warnings and recommendations are regularly issued to help them navigate the murky waters of digital technology. The aim of this article is also to advise parents on how to effectively manage the use of screens and the content to which their young children are exposed.

The effects of screens on young children

Ambivalent effects

Early exposure to screens has both positive and negative effects on children. Denis Fougère points out in his study, "Is the earlier the better? The effects of early childhood care and stimulation on cognitive and non-cognitive development". REF [^1^], that qualitative interactions, including those facilitated by screens, contribute to the cognitive and non-cognitive development of toddlers. However, the emphasis must be on the quality and relevance of content, and on moderating screen time.

Impact of screen exposure on social interaction

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges of increasing digital media exposure in young children. Neil Chanchlani, Francine Buchanan and Peter Gill, in their article "The indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and young people". REF [^2^], discuss the potential consequences of this increased exposure, particularly on the social interactions and emotional development of offspring.

Tips for limiting screen time

It's essential to limit children's exposure time. Catherine Collombet, in her study on "Les inégalités sociales d'accès aux modes d'accueil des jeunes enfants. A European comparison" REF [^3^], highlights the importance of equitable access to quality educational content, suggesting that parents play an active role in choosing content for their children.

Recommendations for toddlers' use of screens

Current recommendations suggest screen-free activities, especially for babies under 2. It is also recommended to limit this exposure for older children, by choosing educational and interactive content.

Content adapted for young children

Content adapted to the child's age and development must take precedence. Educational applications and programs designed specifically for young children are beneficial if used in moderation and under adult supervision.

Recommended educational applications for young children

There are many educational applications available that promote learning and skill development in young children. Parents should look for software that encourages interaction, creativity and reflection, rather than passive consumption of programs.

The role of parents in choosing digital content

Parents have a key role to play in choosing digital programming for their children. They must ensure that these are not only educational, but also age-appropriate and aligned with their family values.

How screens can influence children's development

Exposure to screens can significantly influence the cognitive, emotional and social development of young children. Parents need to be aware of the potential impact of these media, and strive to provide a balanced environment where off-screen activities are valued.

Using screens for academic purposes

Connected devices are a valuable tool in the academic world. Indeed, they offer opportunities for interactive and engaging learning. However, their use needs to be carefully planned and integrated into a broader educational framework.

The role of screens in schooling

As screens are increasingly integrated into schooling, it's important to maintain a balance between digital learning and traditional teaching methods. This harmonization ensures the holistic development of children and teenagers. According to a Médiamétrie report published in 2017, young people in France devote more hours annually to screens than to formal education: they spend 1,200 hours in front of screens compared with 900 hours in a school setting.

Digital education vs. traditional teaching

Digital education offers new learning opportunities, but should not entirely replace traditional teaching. Face-to-face interaction and hands-on experience remain fundamental to a child's development.

Best practices for children's healthy use of screens

To ensure healthy use of connected devices, parents need to set clear limits, encourage regular breaks and promote enriching alternative activities for the good growth and well-being of little ones.

Alternative activities to screen use for children under 2 years of age

For children under 2, adults should focus on activities that stimulate human interaction and sensory development. These can include reading, board games and outdoor activities.

The impact of screen use during mealtime on children

The use of screens at the dinner table risks hindering family communication and healthy eating habits. Meals should be privileged moments for family exchange and sharing, without digital distraction.

Video games suitable for young children for limited use only

Choosing age-appropriate, time-limited video games can be an enriching activity for children, provided they are integrated into a wider range of activities. They should make a positive contribution to the child's development, encouraging problem-solving, creativity and teamwork, for example.

The role of parents in managing video games

Parents must also ensure that time spent on these games does not substitute for essential growth activities such as direct social interaction, physical play and outdoor activities.

In conclusion

In good practice, screens should be at the service of intelligence. Modern parents and educators now have a duty to teach children to use these technologies intelligently. Managing young children's screen time, usage and content are practical ways of achieving this goal. They also need to enrich their learning environment with a variety of activities for their well-being.

Disclaimer

This article is based on research and studies available up to April 2023. Parents are encouraged to consult health and education professionals for advice tailored to their personal situation.

References

REF [^1^]. Fougère, D. (Publication date not specified). Is the earlier the better? Les effets des dispositifs d'accueil et d'éveil des jeunes enfants sur leur développement cognitif et non cognitif. DOI

REF [^2^]. Chanchlani, N., Buchanan, F., & Gill, P. (2021). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and youth. DOI

REF [^3^]. Collombet, C. (Publication date not specified). Les inégalités sociales d'accès aux modes d'accueil des jeunes enfants. A European comparison. DOI

20/02/2024
The professional impact of screens: balancing productivity and time management

With the digitization of businesses, the use of display screens has become essential. The digital era has profoundly transformed our workplaces. Here's an overview of the impact of these technologies on productivity and work-life balance. This article also suggests strategies for optimizing their use. The key lies in the ability to integrate these tools in such a way as to enrich our working environment without suffering the drawbacks.

What impact do screens have on productivity at work?

Screens, by facilitating coordination and knowledge sharing, increase profitability and well-being at work. However, their use must be judicious to avoid negative effects on concentration as well as mental and physical health. Strategic use of screens is therefore essential to maximize their positive potential on productivity. Duan, Deng, & Wibowo, 2023 REF [^1^].

Screens and their influence on employee activity

Digitizing business processes improves efficiency and employee performance, but requires a balance to maintain job satisfaction. It's vital to strike the right balance between beneficial and excessive use of digital technologies. Dewi & Krisnadi, 2023 REF [^1^].

How do you choose the right IT tool to boost productivity?

Selecting tools that match specific task needs and promote effective communication and decision-making is necessary to avoid compromising work-life balance. Selecting the right media also reduces wasted time and impacts overall efficiency.

Limiting screen-related distractions

Clear rules need to be put in place, such as time slots dedicated to email and social networking, to help reduce distractions and encourage more focused work. Implementing these rules contributes to better focus and reduced stress.

How can you maintain the right balance between your professional life and time management?

The use of digital media must be harmonious to preserve mental and physical health. Regular breaks and the demarcation of a dedicated work space are beneficial practices. This helps to clearly separate work time from personal time, which is essential for a healthy balance. On average, a French person spends 20 hours a week in front of a connected device as part of his or her professional activity, compared with 36 hours in his or her free time.

Efficient use of IT tools

Scheduling management tools, effectively integrated into the daily use of digital devices, ensure efficiency, harmony and well-being. The adoption of these technologies enables better task organization and reduced anxiety in the workplace.

The risks of excessive use of screens at work

Excessive use of digital devices can lead to health problems such as eyestrain, musculoskeletal problems, sedentary lifestyles and stress. It's important to take steps to limit these risks, including regular breaks and appropriate ergonomics. Awareness is the first step towards healthier use of technology.

What tips can you use to be more productive and flexible at work?

Adapting your workstation with two computer screens for greater profitability

Adapting the workspace with digital devices improves profitability. The use of two screens, for example, makes it easier to organize information and increase efficiency. This configuration facilitates multitasking, i.e. working on several tasks simultaneously without having to toggle between different windows. The quality of the work produced is also enhanced. This configuration optimizes the digital workspace and facilitates access to necessary information.

Integrating screen flexibility into teleworking

Technology plays a key role in teleworking. They offer the flexibility needed to maintain effective communication and collaboration at a distance. A virtual office environment is recreated, which is essential for maintaining activities away from traditional premises.

Managing e-mail and business communication effectively

Efficient management of e-mail and communication tools is essential to avoid information overload and maintain clear, effective exchanges. Good e-mail organization and prioritization of communication tasks are essential for efficient planning.

How can you avoid procrastination and improve your professional balance?

Optimal work-life balance

Establishing clear boundaries between work and personal life is crucial, especially in a digitized work environment. Delineating these spaces contributes to better mental health and greater satisfaction in both spheres.

Strategies to avoid procrastination linked to excessive screen use

Setting clear goals, planning breaks and using time management techniques help reduce procrastination and optimize technology use. These strategies encourage a more disciplined and focused approach to the use of digital technologies.

Improve your planning by using screens more wisely

Adopting conscious work practices and limiting digital distractions are effective ways of optimizing time and increasing output. Thoughtful use of connected devices maximizes their potential.

In conclusion

Screens have a profound impact on our working lives. They offer opportunities for increasing productivity and work-life balance. However, judicious and balanced use of screens is vital if we are to reap their benefits, such as improved professional efficiency. Implementing these different strategies protects us from the various pitfalls associated with overexposure to these technologies.

Disclaimer

This article draws on studies and research to provide an overview of the impact of screens on working life. The references cited come from verified sources and contribute to the argument developed.

References

REF [^1^]. Duan, S., Deng, H., & Wibowo, S. (2023). Exploring the impact of digital work on work-life balance and job performance: a technology affordance perspective. Link

REF [^2^]. Dewi, C.T.T., & Krisnadi, H. (2023). The Effects of Using Digitalization, Work Life Balance and Work Engagement on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction at PT Waskita Karya Infrastruktur. Link

20/02/2024
The challenges facing today's families in the digital age: findings and recommendations
Since the advent of digital technologies, the various media have been constantly evolving. This constant evolution brings many advantages, but also its share of challenges. Families are faced with a range of issues that affect their dynamics, communication between parents and children, and the development and well-being of their youngest members.

Families' digital practices

Digital technologies are now ubiquitous in the daily lives of families. A study by Chai et al (2022) examined the impact of family digital interventions on the prevention and treatment of obesity in children, highlighting the importance of a balanced approach between digital and physical activities REF[^1^].

Digital uses among teenagers

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of healthy screen behaviors. Research shows that digital media offer advantages, such as access to information and social support, but also risks, notably for sleep, attention and learning REF [^2^]. Parents therefore have a duty to monitor their children's digital practices, including the content they consume.

Communication practices between parents and children

Open and positive communication between parents and children is paramount in the digital age. Denisenkova and Taruntaev (2023) studied the relationship between parental attitudes and preschoolers' use of digital devices, highlighting the importance of balance in REF [^3^] screen use.

Screens and family dynamics

Multimedia objects and their consequences influence family dynamics in a variety of ways. Excessive access to digital technologies, such as smartphones and tablets, reduces face-to-face interaction and can damage family relationships. However, moderate and conscious use can also strengthen bonds. For this, sharing common interests and experiences should be a priority.

The effects of digital media on family relationships

Digital media can both enrich and compromise family relationships. A balance needs to be struck to avoid negative impacts, such as isolation or conflicts over screen time. Taking advantage of positive aspects such as shared learning and entertainment opportunities is also important for good harmonization.

Video games and the family

Video games occupy an important place in the family's digital culture. Although often criticized, they can, when used appropriately, foster the development of cognitive and social skills. They also provide an opportunity for family leisure time.

Social networks: bonding or dividing?

Social networks are new ways of connecting, but their impact on family relationships is ambivalent. They can facilitate long-distance communication, but they can also create misunderstandings and distractions. These platforms can also be a source of psychological problems, sometimes resulting in malaise, low self-esteem, anxiety and so on.

Recommendations for managing family screen time
- Set clear rules: Define a calendar with precise timing.
- Use applications and software: program these tools to limit exposure time, but also to make teenagers more responsible in their consumption.
- Plan screen-free times: Set aside periods of the day or week when digital devices are set aside for family activities.
According to a study carried out by faireparterie in partnership with the Gece institute, 97 % of parents have set up guidelines governing their children's use of screens and the Internet.

Balancing the digital and real worlds

The balance between the digital and real worlds is fundamental to children's healthy development and family well-being. It's important to value face-to-face interaction and outdoor activities as much as time spent online. This helps develop social, emotional and physical skills in children and teenagers.

Technology and children's physical activities

Integrating technology into physical activities can be an effective strategy for encouraging an active lifestyle in little ones. Apps and games that promote movement and outdoor exploration help complement traditional physical activities. This makes exercise both fun and interactive.

Tips for preserving the balance between digital uses and family interactions
- Favoring physical activity: Encourage outdoor activities and family sports to counterbalance the time spent in front of connected media.
- Use digital devices to strengthen bonds: Choose content to watch or play together, that encourages dialogue and sharing.
- Setting an example: Parents should set an example by limiting their own use of digital tools and favoring offline activities.
- Create screen-free zones: Establish spaces in the home where screens are not allowed, such as bedrooms, to encourage sleep and relaxation.
The impact of digital practices on parent-child communication

Digital practices can both facilitate and hinder parent-child communication. Judicious use of technologies, such as family messaging apps, strengthens bonds, while excessive use can reduce face-to-face interaction and hinder exchanges.

The benefits of open communication in the digital age

Open communication enables families to discuss the benefits and risks of using digital technologies, set rules for screen use and encourage children to talk about their online experiences. This kind of exchange builds trust and mutual understanding.

The challenges of understanding between generations, linked to digital practices

Differences in familiarity and comfort with digital technologies between generations can lead to misunderstandings. Parents should strive to understand their children's digital world and keep abreast of the latest trends and potential risks.

Digital risk prevention for families

Good online safety practices to protect family members
- Media education: Teaching children to criticize online content and recognize reliable information.
- Privacy and security: Raising awareness of privacy settings, secure passwords and personal data protection.
- Use parental control tools: These allow you to monitor and restrict access to inappropriate content.
- Open dialogue: Regularly discuss children's online activities, encouraging the sharing of experiences and concerns.
Warning signs to watch out for when it comes to excessive screen use in the family

To identify excessive screen use in the family, look out for post-use mood swings, loss of interest in real activities, as well as sleep and concentration problems. These signals can indicate a dependence on screens that is detrimental to family well-being and balance.

Tools for parents to monitor their children's activities

Parental control applications and software can be used to set screen time limits, filter content and monitor online activities. These devices help parents manage the use of digital technologies in the family.

In conclusion

The digital age presents both challenges and opportunities for today's families. By adopting a balanced and conscious approach to the use of technology, establishing open communication and implementing safe online practices, families will reap the benefits of the digital age.

Disclaimer

This article is based on scientific research and studies to provide accurate and up-to-date information. However, it does not replace professional advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Chai, L.K., Farletti, R., Fathi, L., & Littlewood, R. (2022). A Rapid Review of the Impact of Family-Based Digital Interventions for Obesity Prevention and Treatment on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Primary School-Aged Children. Nutrients. Link to article

REF [^2^]. Reid Chassiakos, Y.L., Radesky, J.S., Christakis, D., Moreno, M., & Cross, C. (2016). Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. Link to article

REF [^3^]. Denisenkova, N., & Taruntaev, P.I. (2023). The Relationship between Parent-Child Relationships and the Use of Digital Devices by Older Preschoolers. Social and Clinical Psychology. Link to article
19/02/2024
Screens and sensory-motor development in young children

Nowadays, with the proliferation of screens, it's virtually impossible to stop children watching TV, smartphones, tablets and so on. This overexposure has multiple consequences. This raises many questions, particularly in terms of the impact on their sensory-motor development.

Understanding sensory-motor development in young children

Sensory-motor development refers to the process by which children learn to use their senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell) and motor skills to explore and understand the world around them. This process is crucial in the first few years of life, and generally takes place in several stages, from birth to the age of two. However, this process continues throughout childhood.

Key stages in sensorimotor development

Children's sensory-motor development follows a natural progression, from sensory discovery to mastery of complex movements. This period is fundamental to both cognitive and physical development.

The importance of physical and social interaction

Interaction with the environment and others plays a vital role in sensory-motor development. They encourage exploration, curiosity and learning through play.

What are the effects of screens on the sensory-motor development of young children?

Screens and their influence on children's attention span

Screens affect children's attention spans. These technologies reduce the amount of time they spend interacting with the real world, which is essential to the development of their motor skills. This reduction in interaction can limit opportunities for experiential learning, essential for balanced growth. A study by Sandra V García and Tatiana Dias de Carvalho (2022) REF [^1^] points out that the use of screens by toddlers and preschoolers can be to the detriment of activities that promote sensory-motor and social development.

How are social exchanges affected by exposure to screens?

Excessive exposure to digital media limits opportunities for direct social exchanges, which are necessary for the development of language and social skills. This can lead to a decline in empathy and conflict resolution skills in younger children. Research by Dr. Aleem Ali and Ayesha Inam (2023) REF [^2^] shows a link between length of exposure to screens and difficulties with language, behavior and social competence in children.

The educational impact of screens on sensory-motor development

While some educational content is beneficial, there's no substitute for active learning and physical interaction. Physical engagement in learning activities stimulates memory and information retention more effectively. Time spent on exploratory activities is also reduced. The role of parents in the use of these tools is crucial in mitigating the negative effects on neuro-linguistic development, as demonstrated by Guilherme Requião Radel Neto et al. REF [^3^].

Alternative activities for sensory-motor development

Screen-free play and educational activities, such as construction games, art activities and nature outings, stimulate the 5 senses and motor skills. These leisure activities also encourage the development of creativity and imagination.

How can we meet the challenges posed by young children's use of screens?

Factors to take into account when exposed to screens

It's vital to limit the amount of time spent in front of screens. It's also important to choose content adapted to the child's age and development. Establishing moments without these devices, particularly at mealtimes and before bedtime, encourages richer family interactions. According to a survey carried out by Toluna-Harris Interactive for the Association e-Enfance/3018, the average age at which children start using the internet is 5 years and 10 months, and they browse the web alone from 6 years and 10 months.

The consequences of excessive exposure to screens for young children

Overexposure can lead to reduced social interaction. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between screen time and physical and social activities. Studies such as D. Hermawati et al (2018) REF [^4^], associate early and excessive exposure to screens with autistic symptoms, language delays and attention disorders.

What is the relationship between screens and children's psychomotor development?

Connected tools can disrupt psychomotor development. They limit the diverse sensory and motor experiences essential to harmonious growth. A variety of stimuli is essential to stimulate all aspects of a child's growth.

What do clinical observations tell us about screen use in young children?

Behaviors observed in children exposed to digital media

Clinical observations reveal a correlation between early and intensive exposure to digital devices and various developmental problems, such as behavioral disorders. These findings underline the importance of monitoring and moderating the use of these technologies from an early age.

Intensive screen use disrupts learning

Intensive use of digital devices sometimes disrupts natural learning processes. It deprives children of concrete, interactive experiences. Learning through direct experience is irreplaceable for the cognitive development and well-being of children.

In conclusion

Exposure to screens in young children requires special attention from parents, educators and healthcare professionals. It is vital to promote responsible practices and encourage enriching off-screen activities to support children's optimal sensory-motor development.

Disclaimer

This article aims to inform and raise awareness of the effects of screen exposure on young children. It is based on current scientific studies, but does not replace the advice of a health professional.

References

REF [^1^]. García, S. V., & Dias de Carvalho, T. (2022). Screen use among toddlers and preschool children. Link

REF [^2^]. Ali, A., & Inam, A. (2023). Screen Exposure and Child Development: A Contextual Analysis of Pandemic. Link

REF [^3^]. Radel Neto, G. R., Nasser de Mello, N. F., da Silva, G. P., Rolim, T. A., & de Souza Pimenta, M. (n.d.). The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review. Link

REF [^4^]. Hermawati, D., Rahmadi, F. A., Sumekar, T. A., & Winarni, T. (2018). Early electronic screen exposure and autistic-like symptoms. Link

19/02/2024
The role of social networks in digital sociability and social ties

Nowadays, social networks have become indispensable. They play a major role in the way we interact and maintain our social relationships. This transformation has given rise to new forms of sociability, shaping relational dynamics in the contemporary world.

What is digital sociability?

Digital sociability refers to the interactions and relationships that are formed and maintained through digital platforms. These technologies have revolutionized the way we communicate. They enable us to create virtual links that can have significant repercussions in the real world. According to Hootsuite's Digital Trends 2022 study, more than 4.74 billion people across the globe are active on REF [^1^] social networks.

Understanding how digital tools contribute to sociability

Digital tools, especially social media such as Facebook, YouTube, TikTok or linkedIn, facilitate the creation of virtual relationships. Our social circle is then extended beyond geographical borders. According to a study by Mushtaq, Shabbir, and Mahmood (2022) REF [^2^], the use of social networks contributes to the formation of online social capital, strengthening ties both online and offline.

Labor relations in the digital age

The digital age has introduced significant changes in the way we interact. This has repercussions on our social relationships. Social networks make it possible to maintain links with distant friends and family. This gives users new opportunities to socialize.

Strong and weak links in digital sociability

The distinction between strong ties (close relationships) and weak ties (acquaintances) is necessary to understand this concept. Social media facilitate the maintenance of weak ties. The latter can be invaluable for access to information and social support.

How do social networks strengthen social ties?

The role of digital social networks in relationships between individuals

Digital social networks serve as platforms for strengthening existing relationships and creating new ones. They offer spaces to share experiences, interests and support one another.

Using digital social networks to strengthen ties

The functionalities of these digital platforms, such as groups, private messages and events, enable users to connect in meaningful ways. These tools strengthen the bonds between individuals.

How do digital platforms foster relationships with loved ones?

Social networks and the family

Social media play an important role in maintaining family relationships. They enable family members to stay connected despite distance. This permanent connectivity is conducive to sharing life's important moments, and strengthens family ties despite physical distance.

Social media and the relationship between parents and children

The use of these platforms by parents and children can influence their relationship. They present themselves as a new arena for communication and shared interests. This creates a unique opportunity for parents to engage with their children's digital world. This in turn fosters greater understanding and mutual respect.

Impact on family dynamics

These spaces can both enrich and complicate family dynamics. They influence the way families interact and communicate. They also introduce new forms of conflict resolution and emotional support. This leads to a modification of traditional family communication structures.

Social networks and social ties

The importance of social capital in digital social networks

Social media offer innovative ways of strengthening social ties. They simplify interaction and mutual support among users. These technologies also make it possible to rediscover and revitalize past relationships. Digital technology can give new life to friendships that may have faded over time.

The role of digital platforms in the formation of weak links

Social networks facilitate the formation of weak ties, which also play an important role in diversifying our social circles. These social contacts, though less intimate, are necessary for exploring new perspectives and opportunities. At the same time, technology broadens our professional horizons.

How do social networks affect sociability?

The influence of social media on forms of sociability

Digital platforms have transformed traditional forms of sociability. They have introduced new ways of relating. This digital evolution encourages the creation of communities based on shared interests that transcend geographical and cultural boundaries.

The impact of social networks on relationships between individuals

Social networks provide many opportunities to strengthen relationships. However, they can also present challenges, such as privacy management and the risk of overuse. The key lies in balance, where users must navigate between the benefits of connectivity and the potential pitfalls of over-exposure.

Professions linked to these media and digital sociability

Social networks have given rise to new professions and economic opportunities. This reflects their central role in contemporary society. From influencer to community manager, these careers testify to the growing importance of digital sociability in the modern professional landscape.

Social networks and loneliness

In the current context, where social networks dominate a large part of our daily interactions, the question of their impact on solitude arises. While these platforms promise to bring us closer together, to connect us with friends, family and even strangers who share the same interests, they can also, paradoxically, accentuate the feeling of solitude among some Internet users.

Amplifying loneliness

For some individuals, these platforms become a source of social isolation rather than a means of connection. Constant exposure to the highlights of other people's lives, often embellished for the purposes of publication, can leave viewers feeling inadequate, jealous or lonely. This distortion of social reality, where successes are over-represented and failures under-represented, sometimes leads to a misguided perception of personal isolation.

Solitude in connectivity

Despite the ease of communication offered by the Internet, the quality of interactions sometimes leaves much to be desired. Superficial conversations and ephemeral exchanges on platforms are no substitute for the deep, meaningful relationships necessary for emotional well-being. So, even surrounded by a multitude of "contacts", subscribers can feel lonely and disconnected.

Effects on mental health

Research indicates that excessive use of these technologies can have a negative impact on mental health, particularly by increasing feelings of loneliness and anxiety. This digital loneliness, exacerbated by hours spent online at the expense of face-to-face interaction, contributes to a deterioration in emotional well-being.

Towards conscious use

To counter these effects, it's vital to promote a more conscious and moderate use of social media. This means prioritizing quality interactions, limiting time spent online and seeking out more authentic and meaningful connections in the real world. Recognizing the value of real human relationships and investing time and energy in developing them helps to reduce feelings of loneliness and improve overall well-being.

In conclusion

Social networks have profoundly influenced digital sociability and social ties, with new ways of communicating and sharing. However, it's vital to move through this digital space with discernment to get the most out of it. What's more, their impact on loneliness is complex and multifaceted. A sensible approach to their use is essential to avoid the risks of loneliness and social isolation.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for educational and informational purposes and should not be construed as professional advice.

References

REF [^1^]. https://blog.hootsuite.com/fr/statistiques-sur-les-medias-sociaux-pour-marketeurs/#:~:text=Plus+de+4%2C74+milliards,augment%C3%A9+de+4%2C2+%25.

REF [^2^]. Mushtaq, M., Shabbir, M., & Mahmood, S. (2022). AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES. https://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.476

16/02/2024
Positive screen management for children and teenagers with a focus on real interactions

The digital revolution spares no one, least of all our children. The omnipresence of screens and their possible consequences on their physical and psychological development is at the heart of the debate. In this article, we'll look at how to limit the amount of time spent in front of a screen to ensure balanced use, as well as the benefits of exposing our little ones to the real world for their well-being.

How can we reduce screen time among children and teenagers?

Managing screen time

It's important to establish clear rules for screen use. It's simply a matter of moderating the daily time devoted to these activities. Visit research by Patel and Sapovadia (2020) REF [^1^] stresses the importance of moderating the use of digital devices to prevent the risks of cognitive disorders and reduced quality of life associated with excessive exposure. The latter also limits face-to-face interactions, essential to children's social development.

The ESTEBAN 2015 study reveals that from the age of 2, children in Western countries spend an average of almost 3 hours a day in front of screens. This time increases with age, reaching around 4 hours and 45 minutes for 8 to 12-year-olds, and almost 6 hours and 45 minutes for teenagers aged 13 to 18.

Use digital media in a balanced way

It's important to promote the use of digital devices to enrich the experience of children and teenagers. Educational and interactive content stimulates their growth. The Panchola et al (2020) REF [^2^] highlights the negative effects of prolonged screen time on children's mental and physical health. This also includes attention disorders.

Spend quality time together, without screens

Family activities without connected tools strengthen bonds and promote emotional and social development. Research by Panchola et al. (2020) REF [^2^] highlights the importance of these interactions in countering the isolating effects of excessive screen consumption.

What impact do screens have on children and teenagers?

Screens and social interaction

Excessive screen time can diminish the face-to-face interactions that are fundamental to social development. Promoting technology-free group activities can help develop vital social skills.

Impact on children's development

Prolonged exposure to connected devices can impair cognitive and emotional development. Studies show a correlation between too much time in front of screens and delays in certain cognitive and emotional abilities in children.

The risks of screen addiction among teenagers

Screen addiction is a growing concern, with potential consequences for mental health. It is necessary to monitor and moderate the use of digital media to prevent these risks.

Effects on the mental health of young children

Research shows that excessive use of technology contributes to anxiety and depression in young children. Off-screen activities help improve their mental well-being.

Excessive screen use can lead to sleep problems

Blue light from screens disrupts the sleep cycle, underlines the study by Patel and Sapovadia (2020) REF [^1^]. Reframing screen use before bedtime is essential to ensure restful sleep.

Screens can affect school performance

Screen time is likely to encroach on homework and reading time. This in turn will affect school performance. It's important to balance screen time with academic activities.

Video games and adolescent socialization

Benefits of video games for socialization

Video games offer unique opportunities to socialize and develop social skills in virtual environments, promoting teamwork and communication.

Risks and strategies for balanced use

However, unregulated use can lead to cyberbullying and sedentary lifestyles. It's important to choose games that promote positive interaction, and to set time limits to avoid overexposure.

What are your tips for balanced screen use?

Set clear limits on screen time

Setting fixed times for screen use and screen-free zones in the home helps maintain a healthy balance. It also helps to establish daily routines where technology is set aside. Quality family time or periods of calm and relaxation are thus established.

Encourage other activities besides digital devices

Favoring interests and hobbies that don't involve digital devices is good for children's physical, intellectual and social development. It also helps reduce dependency on these tools, as they offer enriching and engaging alternatives that stimulate imagination and physical activity. Hobbies that stimulate creativity and physical exercise are to be preferred. These activities and family outings should be scheduled on a regular basis. Children and teenagers have fun and learn new skills at the same time.

Respect age recommendations for screen use

Content must be age-appropriate. This helps protect against harmful content and maximize educational benefits. It's also important to engage in dialogue with young children about what they're watching or playing, to encourage critical thinking about digital media.

Using screens for educational purposes

Technology is a valuable tool for education, provided it is used judiciously to complement traditional learning. Integrating educational applications and online resources into children's learning paths enriches their educational experience and stimulates their curiosity.

How can you help young children manage their screen time?

Involve them in managing screen time

It makes sense to give children an active role in deciding their screen time. This helps them develop an awareness of and responsibility for their consumption of these devices. Empowering them also encourages them to make informed choices and recognize the importance of moderating their own use of technology.

Create a schedule for exposure time

A schedule that balances screen time with other leisure activities promotes balanced development and avoids overuse. Drawing up a visual schedule helps children and teenagers clearly understand when and how much time they can spend in front of screens. Healthy habits are then established from an early age.

In conclusion

Managing screen time is a fundamental aspect of healthy growth for children and teenagers. Support from parents or adults is essential. There's no question of banning technology, as it has its advantages and disadvantages. By following this advice and relying on scientific data, parents can strike the right balance to avoid any possible excesses.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for educational and informational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^] Patel, S., & Sapovadia, V. (2020). Impact of Screen Time on Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Digital Era in India. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3514242

REF [^2^]. Panchola, P., Neha, J., Deepshikha, A., & G.P, G. (2020). INCREASING SCREEN TIME IN CHILDREN:- A CAUSE OF CONCERN. International Journal of Advanced Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11896

16/02/2024
Overexposure to screens: Preventing social isolation in early childhood

The more time passes, the more our children are exposed to screens. Even toddlers are now concerned. A fact that should alarm parents, as this over-exposure is not without risk for the development and well-being of their offspring. This article reviews various solutions for preventing social isolation in early childhood, as well as how to protect them from possible excesses.

Understanding the impact of screens on young children's health and development

Neurological effects of overexposure to digital devices

Studies, such as that by Goswami and Parekh (2023) in their magazine REF [^1^] show that screen time can adversely affect children's cognitive, social, emotional and physical development. Excessive exposure is associated with impaired attention, language, memory and motor skills.

Screens: behavioral and emotional consequences

Research by Radel Neto et al. highlights the importance of interaction with caregivers to promote neurolinguistic development in babies and preschoolers inappropriately exposed to screens. Exposure before the age of 2 and excessive use may cause the most damage (Radel Neto et al., 2023) REF [^2^]..

Social isolation: from theory to reality

Social isolation can be a direct consequence of overexposure to digital tools. The latter limits face-to-face interactions and essential social skills. Shafqat (2018) highlights that excessive involvement with screens can lead to genetic and neurological changes, similar to those observed in cases of addiction (Shafqat, 2018) REF [^3^].

How can we prevent children from becoming socially isolated through excessive screen use?

Parents' role in managing screen time

Parents should set healthy limits on screen time and promote alternative activities. Parental supervision and engagement in shared activities can mitigate the negative effects of overexposure. Recent research by Ined and Inserm, published in April 2023, reveals that only 13.7 % of parents respect the advice not to expose their children under 2 to screens at all.

The benefits and potential risks of digital media use for children and toddlers

Some digital content has educational benefits. Nevertheless, it is vital to strike a balance to avoid negative effects on children's growth and well-being. The quality of digital content is just as important as the amount of screen time.

Exposure time tips for families

Clear recommendations on screen time can help families manage screen use responsibly. However, these should be adapted according to the child's age. Establishing "screen-free zones" and breaks at certain times of the day contribute to a healthy balance.

Prevention and parenting strategies for healthy development in a digital world

The best way for children to learn and digital devices

Real-life interaction and free play remain the most effective means for children's development. Digital devices should not replace these fundamental interactions. The judicious integration of technology into learning can enrich the educational experience without supplanting traditional methods.

The role of parents and the family environment in limiting screen use

Parents should play an active role in their children's digital education. This involves promoting healthy habits and acting as positive role models. Open communication about the potential dangers of the Internet and the establishment of clear rules are crucial to safe surfing in the digital space.

Alternatives to connected devices to foster development and promote health

Encouraging activities that stimulate creativity, social interaction and physical activity will help reduce dependence on these tools. Participating in outdoor leisure activities and joining clubs or sports are rewarding and fulfilling alternatives.

Resources, tools and strategies for parents

Parental control tools, such as apps, and educational resources are available to support parents in managing their children's use of connected devices. Media and information literacy is also necessary to help children become critical consumers of digital content.

Acting together: recommendations, community initiatives and public policies

Examples of successful initiatives to limit the negative effects of screen exposure

Awareness programs and prevention campaigns play a fundamental role in educating families about the dangers of overexposure to digital technologies. Sharing best practices and success stories can inspire other communities to take action.

The role of decision-makers and institutions

Public policies and the regulation of digital content are necessary to protect children and promote a healthy digital environment. The adoption of legislation aimed at limiting targeted advertising and guaranteeing online safety for children is an important step towards protecting their well-being in the digital space.

Initiatives to regulate exposure to screens for young people under the impetus of Emmanuel Macron

Emmanuel Macron has expressed his desire to introduce screen control for young people. He stressed the importance of regulating their consumption. Among the measures mentioned were a ban on cell phones in secondary schools and a call for parental control over phones. These initiatives aim to combat children's overexposure to digital devices and better control their access to these technologies.

In conclusion

Overexposure to screens represents a significant challenge for today's parents and leaders. By adopting proactive strategies and working together, we can prevent their misuse; with the consequences that this entails. This will also promote healthy development in a digital world.

Disclaimer

This article provides information based on scientific research and is intended for educational purposes. It does not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Goswami, P., & Parekh, V. (2023). The impact of screen time on child and adolescent development: a review. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health, 10(2). Link

REF [^2^]. Radel Neto, G. R., Nasser de Mello, N. F., da Silva, G. P., Rolim, T. A., & de Souza Pimenta, M. (2023). The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review. São Paulo Medical Journal141(Suppl 1), 382. Link

REF [^3^]. Shafqat, F. (2018). SCREEN ADDICTION AMONG YOUNG PAKISTANI CHILDREN: HANDICAPPING THE TYPICALLY DEVELOPED. The Research Journal, 2(1). Link

15/02/2024
Screen addiction and isolation in adults
While digital devices have become an essential part of everyday life, screen addiction is one of the deleterious effects of their omnipresence. This situation also affects adults' mental and physical health, as well as their social relationships. Indeed, it's almost impossible not to glance at your smartphone, tablet or computer screen even once a day.

Understanding screen addiction

Definition and symptoms

Screen addiction is characterized by compulsive use of digital technologies. Symptoms include the constant need to check one's devices, difficulty in disconnecting and a negative impact on personal and professional obligations.

The effects of screens on the brain

Overexposure to digital media has become an unprecedented challenge for the brain. Research, such as that conducted by G. Small et al. (2020), shows that frequent use of digital technologies has a significant impact on brain function and behavior, potentially leading to symptoms of heightened attention, impaired emotional and social intelligence, and REF[^1^] sleep disorders.

Risk factors

Early and prolonged exposure to digital devices in young adults is also likely to predispose to future addiction. Lack of parental control or personal regulation over content and too much time spent in front of screens accentuate the risk. Research indicates that high-pressure academic or professional environments, where technology use is intensive, can also contribute to problematic consumption of these tools.

The impact of social isolation and screen addiction

On mental health

In addition to depressive symptoms, screen addiction can also lead to anxiety, feelings of loneliness and reduced life satisfaction. The cycle of addiction is self-perpetuating, where social isolation drives increased use of these devices, which in turn increases isolation.

On physical health

The sedentary lifestyle induced by long hours in front of a screen can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, obesity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The blue light emitted by screens can also disrupt natural sleep cycles, exacerbating sleep disorders.

On social and family relations

Dependence on connected devices can reduce the time devoted to face-to-face interactions. Yet these are essential for the development and maintenance of healthy relationships. Children and teenagers, in particular, can suffer from a lack of essential social skills. This results from limited interaction in real social contexts.

The dangers of screens: impact and strategies in the professional world

Recognizing the impact of digital media addiction in the workplace

This disorder can lead to a drop in professional commitment, an increase in the error rate and a deterioration in the quality of work. Digital dependency at work leads to a culture of constant urgency, which can have consequences for employees' mental health.

Promoting a digital balance in the workplace to counter excessive use of digital tools

In addition to screen breaks and meetings without digital devices, companies can implement limited e-mail policies outside working hours. Wellness programs encourage screen-free physical activity and relaxation. Offline team-building sessions are another alternative.

Video games: understanding and preventing adult addiction to digital tools

The appeal of video games

To counter addiction, it's useful to understand the rewarding aspect of video games. They are often a source of escape, instant gratification and virtual rewards. Recognizing these elements can help develop alternative pastimes that provide similar gratification but in a healthier setting.

Identifying the signs of video game addiction

Excessive preoccupation with games, inability to control gambling time and neglect of personal and professional responsibilities are indicators of addiction. If this disorder interferes significantly with daily life, it is advisable to consult a mental health professional specializing in behavioral addictions.

Discover strategies for managing video game use

To maintain a healthy relationship with this entertainment, it's essential to adopt effective time and commitment management strategies. Here are some recommendations:
- Establish clear time limits: set specific durations and use alarms or time management applications.
- Plan regular breaks: take frequent breaks to reduce the risk of eyestrain and a sedentary lifestyle.
- Diversify activities: take part in offline hobbies such as sports, reading or the arts.
Social networks and dependence on connected devices

Excessive use of social networks is a major component of addiction to connected devices, with all the negative consequences that this entails. To control this use, it is also recommended to establish time limits dedicated to these platforms, to privilege real and enriching social interactions and to practice conscious and critical consumption of content. If you find it difficult to manage this disorder on your own, it may be beneficial to seek professional support. According to a study carried out by Odoxa for GAE Conseil in 2022, 8% of French people say they are totally dependent on their smartphone and social networks.

Strategies for preventing excessive use of connected devices

Raising awareness and educating adults about the proper use of screens

Educational programs that teach screen time management and content awareness can help adults develop a healthier relationship with technology.

Alternatives to screens

Outdoor activities, creative hobbies and participation in community or sports groups are enriching alternatives to screen use. They promote physical and mental well-being.

In conclusion

Screen addiction is a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to its prevention. By drawing on scientific research, it is possible to develop effective strategies for managing screen use and promoting a healthy, balanced lifestyle.

Disclaimer

This article is based on scientific research and current studies to provide accurate and up-to-date information. It is intended for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Small, G., Lee, J., Kaufman, A., Jalil, J., Siddarth, P., Gaddipati, H., Moody, T., & Bookheimer, S. (2020). Brain health consequences of digital technology use. Diagnostics in Clinical Neuroscience, 22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/gsmall

REF [^2^]. Acheson, R. (2022). Research digest: Digital technology and its impact on child mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0075417X.2022.2127839
14/02/2024
Screens and their impact on preteens' social and emotional skills

In today's hyper-connected world, screens play a major role in our lives, including those of our little ones. This article examines the extent to which this omnipresence impacts on children's brain development, particularly in terms of the social and emotional skills of pre-adolescents. It also aims to enlighten parents on the potential effects of screen use, and suggest strategies and tools to minimize the risks.

Understanding the impact of screen use on preteens

What are the effects on emotional development?

Screens can limit children's opportunities to develop the ability to manage their emotions appropriately. Robin S. Hendry has explored the impact of screen use on young children's social and emotional development, concluding that, while some digital content may offer benefits, it cannot replace direct social interaction and play, essential to emotional development (Hendry, 2017) REF [^1^].

Screens and social development

Excessive exposure to digital media from an early age is associated with difficulties in the development of social skills. One study found that screen time correlated with emotional lability in preschoolers, underscoring the importance of moderate screen use in fostering healthy social development (Oflu et al., 2021) REF [^2^].

Specific risks associated with children's exposure to screens

Screen addiction in young children

Addiction to digital devices such as tablets represents a real risk for preteens. It can lead to behavioral and sleep disorders. Parents need to monitor screen time and encourage non-digital activities for children's healthy development.

Behavioral and sleep disorders

Research shows that excessive use of screens can disrupt sleep and promote the onset of behavioral problems in preteens, negatively impacting their well-being and development (Aishworiya et al., 2022) REF [^3^].

Video games and their specific impact

The two sides of video games

Video games can have positive effects, such as the development of certain cognitive and problem-solving skills. However, excessive use can have negative consequences for children's social and emotional development.

Video games and social skills

Video games, especially multiplayer ones, provide opportunities for social interaction. However, it is important to ensure that these exchanges remain positive and do not replace real social interaction.

Recommendations for responsible video game consumption

Parents should take care to select age-appropriate content and limit the amount of time spent on it. Encouraging shared family playtime can also be beneficial.

Prevention strategies and best practices for the proper use of screens

Establishing a digital balance in the family for less screen time

There needs to be a balance between time spent in front of digital media and offline activities. Direct social interaction and physical play contribute to the development of preteens' social and emotional skills.

Promoting alternatives to screens

Activities that don't involve the use of screens are crucial. Board games, sports activities and creative hobbies are excellent ways to develop social and emotional skills while having fun.

Tools and resources to help children and teenagers limit screen time

In the quest to balance screen time and encourage healthy habits, a number of tools, products and services are available. These resources can help adults effectively manage and reduce their children's screen time.

Parental control applications and software

Parental control applications such as Qustodio, OurPact and Screen Time enable parents to monitor and restrict the use of digital devices. These tools can be used to define time slots during which use of certain devices or applications is restricted, as well as to monitor online activity. In this way, they contribute to a more conscious and limited use of screens.

Alternatives to screens

Encouraging off-screen activities is key to reducing screen time. Educational board games, craft kits, interactive books and toys that stimulate imagination and creativity offer excellent alternatives. These products not only encourage cognitive and social development, but also provide quality family time.

Services and events

Workshops, book clubs, sports activities and community events are opportunities for children and teenagers to socialize and learn in an environment free of digital technologies. Participating in group hobbies such as music classes, sports teams or youth groups helps develop social and emotional skills in an interactive and engaging setting.

Practical guides and self-assessment tools

Many websites and organizations offer practical guides to help parents navigate the digital world. These resources offer advice on setting rules for screen use, understanding different types of digital content and encouraging open dialogue about digital media use. Self-assessment tools are also available to help families evaluate their use of connected devices and identify opportunities for positive change.

In conclusion

The use of screens has an undeniable impact on the development of social and emotional skills in preteens. A balanced approach that favors both digital and off-screen activities is fundamental to their healthy development.

Disclaimer

This article is for information purposes only and is based on scientific studies. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Hendry, R. S. (2017). Investigating relationships between screen time and young children's social emotional development. https://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0348154

REF [^2^]. Oflu, A., Tezol, O., Yalcin, S., Yıldız, D., Çaylan, N., Ozdemir, D., Çiçek, Ş., & Nergiz, M. E. (2021). Excessive screen time is associated with emotional lability in preschool children. https://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2021.eng.106

REF [^3^]. Aishworiya, R., Magiati, I., Phua, D., Daniel, L. M., Shek, L., Chong, Y., Gluckman, P., Meaney, M., & Law, E. (2022). Are There Bidirectional Influences Between Screen Time Exposure and Social Behavioral Traits in Young Children? https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000001069

13/02/2024

English