Category: Scientific studies

How to manage screen use and content among young children?

With the omnipresence of screens and the risks of overexposing their children to them, many parents have questions about their children's use of these technologies. Warnings and recommendations are regularly issued to help them navigate the murky waters of digital technology. The aim of this article is also to advise parents on how to effectively manage the use of screens and the content to which their young children are exposed.

The effects of screens on young children

Ambivalent effects

Early exposure to screens has both positive and negative effects on children. Denis Fougère points out in his study, "Is the earlier the better? The effects of early childhood care and stimulation on cognitive and non-cognitive development". REF [^1^], that qualitative interactions, including those facilitated by screens, contribute to the cognitive and non-cognitive development of toddlers. However, the emphasis must be on the quality and relevance of content, and on moderating screen time.

Impact of screen exposure on social interaction

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges of increasing digital media exposure in young children. Neil Chanchlani, Francine Buchanan and Peter Gill, in their article "The indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and young people". REF [^2^], discuss the potential consequences of this increased exposure, particularly on the social interactions and emotional development of offspring.

Tips for limiting screen time

It's essential to limit children's exposure time. Catherine Collombet, in her study on "Les inégalités sociales d'accès aux modes d'accueil des jeunes enfants. A European comparison" REF [^3^], highlights the importance of equitable access to quality educational content, suggesting that parents play an active role in choosing content for their children.

Recommendations for toddlers' use of screens

Current recommendations suggest screen-free activities, especially for babies under 2. It is also recommended to limit this exposure for older children, by choosing educational and interactive content.

Content adapted for young children

Content adapted to the child's age and development must take precedence. Educational applications and programs designed specifically for young children are beneficial if used in moderation and under adult supervision.

Recommended educational applications for young children

There are many educational applications available that promote learning and skill development in young children. Parents should look for software that encourages interaction, creativity and reflection, rather than passive consumption of programs.

The role of parents in choosing digital content

Parents have a key role to play in choosing digital programming for their children. They must ensure that these are not only educational, but also age-appropriate and aligned with their family values.

How screens can influence children's development

Exposure to screens can significantly influence the cognitive, emotional and social development of young children. Parents need to be aware of the potential impact of these media, and strive to provide a balanced environment where off-screen activities are valued.

Using screens for academic purposes

Connected devices are a valuable tool in the academic world. Indeed, they offer opportunities for interactive and engaging learning. However, their use needs to be carefully planned and integrated into a broader educational framework.

The role of screens in schooling

As screens are increasingly integrated into schooling, it's important to maintain a balance between digital learning and traditional teaching methods. This harmonization ensures the holistic development of children and teenagers. According to a Médiamétrie report published in 2017, young people in France devote more hours annually to screens than to formal education: they spend 1,200 hours in front of screens compared with 900 hours in a school setting.

Digital education vs. traditional teaching

Digital education offers new learning opportunities, but should not entirely replace traditional teaching. Face-to-face interaction and hands-on experience remain fundamental to a child's development.

Best practices for children's healthy use of screens

To ensure healthy use of connected devices, parents need to set clear limits, encourage regular breaks and promote enriching alternative activities for the good growth and well-being of little ones.

Alternative activities to screen use for children under 2 years of age

For children under 2, adults should focus on activities that stimulate human interaction and sensory development. These can include reading, board games and outdoor activities.

The impact of screen use during mealtime on children

The use of screens at the dinner table risks hindering family communication and healthy eating habits. Meals should be privileged moments for family exchange and sharing, without digital distraction.

Video games suitable for young children for limited use only

Choosing age-appropriate, time-limited video games can be an enriching activity for children, provided they are integrated into a wider range of activities. They should make a positive contribution to the child's development, encouraging problem-solving, creativity and teamwork, for example.

The role of parents in managing video games

Parents must also ensure that time spent on these games does not substitute for essential growth activities such as direct social interaction, physical play and outdoor activities.

In conclusion

In good practice, screens should be at the service of intelligence. Modern parents and educators now have a duty to teach children to use these technologies intelligently. Managing young children's screen time, usage and content are practical ways of achieving this goal. They also need to enrich their learning environment with a variety of activities for their well-being.

Disclaimer

This article is based on research and studies available up to April 2023. Parents are encouraged to consult health and education professionals for advice tailored to their personal situation.

References

REF [^1^]. Fougère, D. (Publication date not specified). Is the earlier the better? Les effets des dispositifs d'accueil et d'éveil des jeunes enfants sur leur développement cognitif et non cognitif. DOI

REF [^2^]. Chanchlani, N., Buchanan, F., & Gill, P. (2021). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and youth. DOI

REF [^3^]. Collombet, C. (Publication date not specified). Les inégalités sociales d'accès aux modes d'accueil des jeunes enfants. A European comparison. DOI

20/02/2024
Positive screen management for children and teenagers with a focus on real interactions

The digital revolution spares no one, least of all our children. The omnipresence of screens and their possible consequences on their physical and psychological development is at the heart of the debate. In this article, we'll look at how to limit the amount of time spent in front of a screen to ensure balanced use, as well as the benefits of exposing our little ones to the real world for their well-being.

How can we reduce screen time among children and teenagers?

Managing screen time

It's important to establish clear rules for screen use. It's simply a matter of moderating the daily time devoted to these activities. Visit research by Patel and Sapovadia (2020) REF [^1^] stresses the importance of moderating the use of digital devices to prevent the risks of cognitive disorders and reduced quality of life associated with excessive exposure. The latter also limits face-to-face interactions, essential to children's social development.

The ESTEBAN 2015 study reveals that from the age of 2, children in Western countries spend an average of almost 3 hours a day in front of screens. This time increases with age, reaching around 4 hours and 45 minutes for 8 to 12-year-olds, and almost 6 hours and 45 minutes for teenagers aged 13 to 18.

Use digital media in a balanced way

It's important to promote the use of digital devices to enrich the experience of children and teenagers. Educational and interactive content stimulates their growth. The Panchola et al (2020) REF [^2^] highlights the negative effects of prolonged screen time on children's mental and physical health. This also includes attention disorders.

Spend quality time together, without screens

Family activities without connected tools strengthen bonds and promote emotional and social development. Research by Panchola et al. (2020) REF [^2^] highlights the importance of these interactions in countering the isolating effects of excessive screen consumption.

What impact do screens have on children and teenagers?

Screens and social interaction

Excessive screen time can diminish the face-to-face interactions that are fundamental to social development. Promoting technology-free group activities can help develop vital social skills.

Impact on children's development

Prolonged exposure to connected devices can impair cognitive and emotional development. Studies show a correlation between too much time in front of screens and delays in certain cognitive and emotional abilities in children.

The risks of screen addiction among teenagers

Screen addiction is a growing concern, with potential consequences for mental health. It is necessary to monitor and moderate the use of digital media to prevent these risks.

Effects on the mental health of young children

Research shows that excessive use of technology contributes to anxiety and depression in young children. Off-screen activities help improve their mental well-being.

Excessive screen use can lead to sleep problems

Blue light from screens disrupts the sleep cycle, underlines the study by Patel and Sapovadia (2020) REF [^1^]. Reframing screen use before bedtime is essential to ensure restful sleep.

Screens can affect school performance

Screen time is likely to encroach on homework and reading time. This in turn will affect school performance. It's important to balance screen time with academic activities.

Video games and adolescent socialization

Benefits of video games for socialization

Video games offer unique opportunities to socialize and develop social skills in virtual environments, promoting teamwork and communication.

Risks and strategies for balanced use

However, unregulated use can lead to cyberbullying and sedentary lifestyles. It's important to choose games that promote positive interaction, and to set time limits to avoid overexposure.

What are your tips for balanced screen use?

Set clear limits on screen time

Setting fixed times for screen use and screen-free zones in the home helps maintain a healthy balance. It also helps to establish daily routines where technology is set aside. Quality family time or periods of calm and relaxation are thus established.

Encourage other activities besides digital devices

Favoring interests and hobbies that don't involve digital devices is good for children's physical, intellectual and social development. It also helps reduce dependency on these tools, as they offer enriching and engaging alternatives that stimulate imagination and physical activity. Hobbies that stimulate creativity and physical exercise are to be preferred. These activities and family outings should be scheduled on a regular basis. Children and teenagers have fun and learn new skills at the same time.

Respect age recommendations for screen use

Content must be age-appropriate. This helps protect against harmful content and maximize educational benefits. It's also important to engage in dialogue with young children about what they're watching or playing, to encourage critical thinking about digital media.

Using screens for educational purposes

Technology is a valuable tool for education, provided it is used judiciously to complement traditional learning. Integrating educational applications and online resources into children's learning paths enriches their educational experience and stimulates their curiosity.

How can you help young children manage their screen time?

Involve them in managing screen time

It makes sense to give children an active role in deciding their screen time. This helps them develop an awareness of and responsibility for their consumption of these devices. Empowering them also encourages them to make informed choices and recognize the importance of moderating their own use of technology.

Create a schedule for exposure time

A schedule that balances screen time with other leisure activities promotes balanced development and avoids overuse. Drawing up a visual schedule helps children and teenagers clearly understand when and how much time they can spend in front of screens. Healthy habits are then established from an early age.

In conclusion

Managing screen time is a fundamental aspect of healthy growth for children and teenagers. Support from parents or adults is essential. There's no question of banning technology, as it has its advantages and disadvantages. By following this advice and relying on scientific data, parents can strike the right balance to avoid any possible excesses.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for educational and informational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^] Patel, S., & Sapovadia, V. (2020). Impact of Screen Time on Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Digital Era in India. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3514242

REF [^2^]. Panchola, P., Neha, J., Deepshikha, A., & G.P, G. (2020). INCREASING SCREEN TIME IN CHILDREN:- A CAUSE OF CONCERN. International Journal of Advanced Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11896

16/02/2024
The dangers of screen-induced depression in children
Children's increasing use of screens has become a major concern, for parents, educators and health professionals alike. This trend, fostered by COVID-19 and the widespread adoption of distance learning, has raised questions about the potential impacts on children's mental and physical health REF [^1^].

The negative impact of screens on children's mental health :

Prolonged screen use has been associated with a variety of negative impacts on children's mental health, including increased symptoms of depression. Studies have shown that screen time can be inversely proportional to the mental well-being of children and adolescents.

Physical health problems linked to excessive screen use

In addition to the impact on mental health, excessive use of screens can also lead to physical health problems, such as sleep disorders, impaired vision and an increased sedentary lifestyle.

Do screens encourage depression and health problems in children and teenagers?

Research has linked excessive screen use to increased depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Content quality, duration of use and type of online activity all play a role in how screens can affect mental health REF[^3^]. Among adolescents, social networks in particular sometimes contribute to feelings of isolation, comparison and frustration.

The risks of screen addiction in the event of prolonged exposure :

As with any pleasurable activity, prolonged exposure to screens can also lead to addiction. This can be accompanied by symptoms such as anxiety, depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Signs of screen addiction in children

It's essential to recognize the signs of screen addiction in children. These can include excessive time spent online, neglect of offline activities and mood changes linked to screen use. A loss of interest in other activities should also alert parents. In the case of video games, this manifests itself as withdrawal symptoms when the child doesn't play, or an increased tolerance that requires playing more and more.

The impact of screen addiction on children's lives

Screen addiction is likely to have serious consequences on the lives of REF [^3^] children. It can even affect their school performance, social relationships and general well-being.

The effects of screens and a sedentary lifestyle on children's school performance

Excessive use of screens and the resulting sedentary lifestyle can have a negative impact on children's ability to learn. Their concentration and memory will be impaired, with effects on their academic performance.

The effects of a sedentary lifestyle

The sedentary lifestyle associated with overexposure to screens can also lead to a variety of physical health problems. Obesity, sleep disorders and vision problems are the most common.

What impact do video games have on children's mental health?

Video games, especially those that are violent or addictive, are likely to have a negative impact on children's mental health. This contributes to increased symptoms of depression and anxiety REF [^2^]. Addiction to this type of game has become a growing problem, particularly among children and teenagers.

Preventive measures to limit children's screen addiction

It's important to put preventive measures in place to limit screen addiction in children. It's up to parents to set time limits and promote offline activities. There are board games, reading and other forms of non-electronic play. Artistic activities are also excellent alternatives to screens. Media education also plays an important role.

Initiatives and awareness-raising programs on the responsible use of screens

Awareness-raising initiatives and programs are needed to educate parents and children about the responsible use of screens and the risks associated with their excessive use. Prevention campaigns against excessive screen use help the public understand the potential dangers of overexposure, and promote healthy habits. There are many online resources and entities offering advice and recommendations to parents to help them manage their children's use of screens.

A few recommendations:

Here's a summary of recommendations on screen exposure for children and teenagers in different age brackets:
- Before 3 years Avoid exposure to screens.
- Between 3 and 6 years only a few minutes a day are tolerable, mainly for educational purposes.
- Between 6 and 9 years Exposure should be limited to one hour a day and used for educational purposes, under parental supervision.
- Between 9 and 12 years Use of non-Internet educational screens is permitted, always under adult supervision, and screen time should be balanced with other activities.
- Between ages 12 and 16 limited Internet access is possible, but must always be controlled by an adult.
- Between 16 and 18 Young people have a little more freedom of access to the Internet, and the presence of an adult is no longer compulsory, as long as the Internet is used for educational and informative purposes.
In conclusion

Although screens offer undeniable advantages, their responsible use is essential to ensure children's physical and mental well-being. We need to educate parents and children alike about the potential dangers of overexposure, and promote healthy habits. By being aware of the risks and taking preventive measures, adults can ensure that the younger generation enjoys the benefits of screens while minimizing the drawbacks. It's also important to recognize the signs of addiction and take the necessary steps to protect children's well-being.

Disclaimer

This article is based on scientific research and studies, but does not replace professional advice. If you have any concerns about a child's mental health, please consult a healthcare professional.

References

Footnotes

REF [^1^] "Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures". Seong-Ju Kim, Sangha Lee, Hyojin Han, et al. (2021). Link to article

REF [^2^] "The Prevalence of Video Game Addiction and Its Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study". Link to article

REF [^3^] "Prolonged use of Screens in Children and their Harm". Link to article
04/12/2023
Anxiety and screen addiction

Parental anxiety and addiction to screens influence children's addiction. In today's world, screens have taken on a dominant role in our lives. Televisions, smartphones, computers and tablets - we're constantly surrounded by these technological tools that make our lives easier, but can also present dangers. One of these dangers is screen addiction, a phenomenon that is affecting more and more people, adults and children alike. A scientific study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566204/) has shown that if parents are screen-dependent and anxious, their children are likely to become screen-dependent too.

It's important to understand the concept of screen addiction. It's not simply a matter of frequently using digital tools, but rather of developing a real addiction, to the point where the individual feels uncomfortable, even anxious, when they can't use these tools. This addiction can lead to a range of problems, from sleep disorders to more serious health problems, such as obesity or eyesight problems.

Parents play a crucial role in the development of this addiction in their children. Children are naturally inclined to imitate their parents' behavior. If parents spend a lot of time in front of screens, and seem anxious when they can't, it's highly likely that their children will adopt the same behavior.

What's more, a family where parents are addicted to screens is likely to be a family where communication is limited. In many cases, screens serve as a substitute for face-to-face communication. Children therefore grow up in an environment where the norm is to spend time in front of a screen rather than interacting with others. This can lead not only to screen addiction, but also to socialization problems.

In addition, anxious parents are often more likely to use screens as a means of entertaining or calming their children. In an attempt to manage their own anxiety, they may unconsciously encourage their children to use screens as a form of self-soothing. This can easily lead to long-term dependence.

Definition of anxiety:

Anxiety is an emotion often felt as unpleasant, corresponding to the more or less conscious expectation of a danger or problem to come. Anxiety is a normal phenomenon, present in all individuals. It can, however, take on an excessive, pathological character in different situations: we then speak of anxiety disorders.

Subjects suffering from anxiety disorders are overwhelmed by this feeling of discomfort or fear secondary to excessive anticipation of possible difficulties even before the problems have occurred, or even before the subject has pinpointed precisely what he or she is dreading.
Psychiatrists sometimes refer to this as "fear without a purpose".
Source : https://www.anxiete.fr/troubles-anxieux/trouble-anxieux-generalise/anxiete/

It's also essential to note that screens are not inherently bad. They can be valuable learning tools, and offer opportunities for entertainment and relaxation. However, as with anything, excessive use can be detrimental. So it's crucial to set clear limits and encourage a healthy, balanced use of screens.

In conclusion, screen addiction is a complex problem that is often the result of several factors, including parental behavior. It is therefore essential for parents to be aware of their own use of screens and the signals they are sending to their children. It's also crucial to promote healthy screen use and ensure that children have access to a variety of off-screen activities. By adopting a balanced and conscious approach to screen use, we can help prevent screen addiction in children and promote their overall well-being.

Reference :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566204/

https://www.anxiete.fr/troubles-anxieux/trouble-anxieux-generalise/anxiete/

14/08/2023
The effect of parental screen addiction on their children's addiction

Screen addiction is a major and growing problem in modern society. Children, in particular, are most affected by this scourge, as they grow up in an era dominated by screen culture. Screens are everywhere: at school where they are used as learning tools, at home where they are often used as entertainment, and even on public transport where they are used to pass the time.

This omnipresence of screens exposes children to an infinite variety of content. They have access to a myriad of video games, social media platforms, streaming sites and much more. However, this overabundance of technology, while offering many opportunities for learning and entertainment, is not without consequences.

Indeed, excessive and uncontrolled use of screens can quickly turn into addiction. Children can become screen addicts, spending endless hours in front of their screens, to the detriment of their physical activities, studies and social interactions.

Even more alarmingly, this screen addiction can have detrimental effects on their mental and physical health. It can lead to sleep disorders, eyesight problems, reduced physical activity, concentration problems and even mood disorders. What's more, constant exposure to sometimes inappropriate content can influence their behavior and emotional development.

In short, it's essential to be aware of this problem and to put measures in place to regulate children's use of screens, in order to prevent addiction and protect their health and well-being.

Parental addiction:

Family factors play a crucial role in the development of this addiction. One study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566204/) studied in depth the relationship between parental screen addiction, children's screen addiction, parental anxiety and the parent-child relationship. It revealed that parents' screen addiction is strongly correlated with that of their children. In other words, children whose parents are screen addicts are more likely to develop the same addiction.

The study reveals that parental anxiety plays an important role in the problem of excessive screen use. In fact, it is noted that anxious parents are more likely to use screens to entertain themselves or distract themselves from their stress and worries. It's an easy, immediate and handy escape for them.

However, this increased use of screens can quickly develop into an addiction. Indeed, the constant need to entertain or distract oneself, coupled with the ease of access to screens, can lead to screen addiction. This addiction can manifest itself in an insatiable need to spend time in front of the screen, an inability to reduce screen time despite attempts, and an excessive preoccupation with screen time.

More worryingly, this screen addiction can be passed on to children. Children, by observing their parents' behavior, can easily adopt these same habits. They may start using screens in the same way, to entertain or distract themselves, which can also lead to addiction.

This creates a vicious cycle in which parents' screen addiction leads to screen addiction in their children. This cycle can be perpetuated from generation to generation, exacerbating the problem of screen addiction. That's why it's crucial to address parental anxiety in the fight against screen addiction.

The parent-child relationship is another key factor in the development of screen addiction in children. The study showed that children who have a healthy, positive relationship with their parents are less likely to develop screen addiction. This suggests that parents play a crucial role not only as role models, but also as emotional supports for their children.

How can parents reduce their children's dependence on screens?

To prevent children from becoming addicted to screen-based media, parents need to be good role models in the appropriate use of these media. They need to show their children how to use screens responsibly, by limiting their screen time and encouraging other activities such as reading, sports or board games.

In addition, parents need to maintain a healthy mental state. They need to manage their anxiety and avoid turning to screens as a means of escape. They can seek professional help if necessary, or practice stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga or exercise.

Finally, parents need to be active partners for their children. They need to invest time and effort in building a healthy, positive relationship with their children. This means spending quality time with them, listening to them and supporting them in their activities and interests. By cultivating a strong relationship with their children, parents can help them resist the lure of screens and develop healthy habits.

In conclusion, screen addiction in children is a major challenge in the age of screen culture. However, with the right approach, parents can play a crucial role in helping their children navigate this digital world and develop a healthy relationship with screens.

Reference :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566204/

11/08/2023
The impact of stress and demographic factors on the use of screens and social networks

In an increasingly digital world, the importance of social networking and the use of screens is becoming ever more apparent. Whether it's keeping in touch with friends from a distance, finding news or entertainment, screens have become an integral part of daily life for many.

However, with this increase in use, concerns have emerged about the potential impact on our well-being. One study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465981/) revealed that social networks are particularly important for those reporting financial, relationship, mental health and exam stress. However, the same study also showed that age and gender influence screen addiction, but that stress and demographic factors explain only a small part of screen use.

The importance of social networking under stress

Social networks can be a lifeline for those under pressure. For those under financial stress, social networks can offer opportunities for job hunting, financial advice and even emotional support from others in similar situations.

Similarly, those experiencing relational stress can find comfort in sharing their experiences and in the support of others. Mental health stress can also be alleviated through the use of social networks, where individuals can find supportive communities, resources and advice. Finally, for students stressed by exams, social networks can provide study resources, advice and a place to decompress and relax.

The influence of age and gender on screen addiction: a scientific perspective

Research has begun to look at the factors that can influence this dependence, including age and gender. This article will examine the results of this study (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175/full) and will attempt to shed light on how these demographic factors can influence screen addiction.

The role of age in screen addiction

Teenagers are more at risk of addiction and problematic phone use, which is why many studies focus on them. As a general rule, phone use declines with age. The most assiduous users are young people under 20, especially those around 14. This is probably due to their difficulty in controlling themselves. They spend most of their time texting, although other means of communication are gaining in popularity over time.

Some teenagers are so addicted to their phones that they never switch them off, even at night, which can be detrimental to their sleep. In fact, 27% of 11- to 14-year-olds say they never switch off their phone, and this percentage increases with age. For example, between the ages of 13 and 14, one in three never turns it off. The age at which you get your first phone can also have an impact: the younger you get it, the more likely you are to use it excessively in the future. One study has shown that young people who get their first phone before the age of 13 are the most likely to have problems of dependence or excessive use.

The influence of gender on screen addiction

Women have higher levels of addiction and problematic use than men, and use them mainly to keep in touch with others. They text a lot and use messaging apps a lot. Sometimes they use their phones to avoid feeling bad, which can make them impatient or uncomfortable, and can lead them to spend more than they should.

Men, on the other hand, use their phones to send messages, make calls and play games. They are also more likely than women to use their phones in risky situations. One study has shown that calling, texting and social networking are the most problematic uses of the phone.

However, it's important to note that these factors explain only a small part of screen use. This suggests that other factors may also play an important role, such as personality traits, individual habits and preferences, and the social and cultural environment.

Beyond stress and demographic factors

While stress and demographic factors may play a role in screen use, they explain only a small part of it. This suggests that screen use is a complex phenomenon that is probably influenced by a multitude of factors. For example, personality traits, such as introversion or extroversion, can influence how individuals use and interact with social media. Similarly, the social and cultural environment can also play a role, with different social norms influencing how individuals use and perceive screens.

In short, while stress and demographic factors can influence screen and social networking use, they're only part of the story. Screen use is a complex phenomenon, influenced by a multitude of factors ranging from personality traits to the social and cultural environment. Understanding these factors and how they interact can help us develop more effective strategies for managing screen use and promoting digital well-being.

References :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465981/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175/full

10/08/2023
Stress and social networks: a complex link

The digital age has seen the emergence of numerous social networks that have radically transformed the way we communicate, share information and socialize. However, excessive use of these platforms has also been associated with increased stress. This article will explore the complex relationship between stress and social networks.

Social networks are everywhere

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat - the names are familiar to almost everyone. These platforms allow us to stay connected with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and learn about a variety of topics. However, this constant connection can come at a cost to our mental well-being.

Social networks and stress: the link

Several studies have shown that intensive use of social networks can increase stress levels. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, social networks can create pressure to always be "connected" and to respond quickly to messages. Secondly, they can lead users to compare themselves negatively with others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy or jealousy. Finally, social networks can also be a source of conflict and harassment.

1- The pressure of constant connectivity :

In our hyper-connected world, it's easy to feel compelled to constantly check our social networking accounts. This can create pressure to be always available and responsive, which can lead to feelings of stress. What's more, the expectation to respond quickly to messages can also disrupt our ability to concentrate on other tasks.

2- Social comparison :

Social networks are often filled with images of perfect lives, exotic trips and professional success. This can lead some users to compare themselves negatively with others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and stress. It's important to remember that people tend to share the best aspects of their lives on social networks, and that these images don't necessarily reflect reality.

3- Online conflicts and harassment :

Unfortunately, social networks can also be a platform for conflict and harassment. Online arguments can quickly become stressful and exhausting, and cyberstalking can have a significant impact on the mental well-being of the person targeted.

Internet & Fear of missing out

This study (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235285321730007X) explores how the "fear of missing out" (FoMO: Fear of Missing Out) can lead to problematic Internet use. The researchers found that negative psychological symptoms such as depression or social anxiety can lead individuals to resort to the Internet as a refuge. What's more, when these people experience a strong FoMO, they become even more likely to develop problematic Internet use.

The study also reveals that both FoMO and the use of the Internet to avoid real-life difficulties can act as "mediators", amplifying the influence of psychological symptoms on problematic Internet use.

The researchers also found that the social aspects of Internet use play a crucial role. For example, people who feel lonely or find it difficult to interact socially in real life may be particularly attracted to using the Internet, enabling them to connect more easily with others.

The study suggests that interventions to help people with problematic Internet use should take these factors into account. For example, they could help individuals develop better social skills in real life, or identify strategies to manage their FoMO.

Social networking stress management

It's important to take steps to manage social networking stress. This can include limiting the amount of time spent on these platforms, setting limits on online availability, and remembering that the perfect images we see are not always an accurate representation of reality. In addition, if you are a victim of online harassment, it's important to report the incident to the relevant platform and seek support.

It's important to note that social networks are not inherently evil. They can be used positively to keep in touch with loved ones, share moments of joy, learn and raise awareness of various important causes. The challenge is to use them in a balanced and conscious way.

Social networks have many benefits, but they can also contribute to increased stress. It's important to understand this complex relationship and take steps to protect our mental well-being. After all, the purpose of these platforms is to help us stay connected, not to stress us out.

References :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465981/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235285321730007X

10/08/2023
Stress and screen use: Understanding and managing the impact on our well-being
Stress management with screens :

In our modern world, screens are omnipresent. Whether on computers, smartphones, tablets or televisions, we spend much of our day interacting with them. While these technological tools have brought many benefits, it's important to understand their impact on stress and general well-being.

Stress is our body's natural reaction to difficult or demanding situations. It's a response that helps us cope with challenges. However, when stress becomes chronic, it can have harmful effects on our mental and physical health.

An American scientific study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465981/) has revealed an interesting relationship between screen use and stress. It seems that people who consider themselves screen-dependent are generally more stressed, and use these technologies more frequently for entertainment and social networking.

However, it is important to note that this feeling of dependence is not necessarily linked to the existence of real stress. In fact, the same study showed that individuals experiencing financial, relational, exam-related or health-related stress tend to turn to screens more intensively. It seems, then, that the use of screens can be a form of escape or distraction from these stressful situations.

Excessive screen use can also lead to stress. Indeed, spending long hours in front of a screen can lead to sleep problems, reduced physical activity and a more sedentary lifestyle, all of which can increase stress levels.

The study revealed that most people, whether stressed or not, use screens primarily to follow the news and gather information. However, those who feel dependent on screens use them more for entertainment and social networking. What's more, people who use screens for work feel less stress and are more satisfied with their lives.

What's more, the use of social networks can also contribute to increased stress. Social comparison, fear of missing out or online harassment are all stress factors linked to social networking.

Screen addiction seems to be both a cause and a consequence of stress. It is therefore crucial to adopt a balanced and conscious use of technology to preserve our mental and physical well-being.

Excessive use of screens can increase our stress levels. Constant notifications, streaming information and the pressure of constant connection can overwhelm us and create feelings of stress. What's more, spending long hours in front of a screen can disrupt our sleep, which can also increase our stress levels.

It's also important to note that the type of content we consume on our screens can affect our stress levels. For example, constantly reading negative news or comparing ourselves to others on social networks can increase our feelings of anxiety.

A few tips:

It's essential to find a balance and manage our screen use in a healthy way. Here are a few strategies that can help:
1. Set limits: Set screen-free times each day. This can be during meals, before bedtime, or at any time that suits you.
2. Use technology to your advantage: Many applications can help you limit the time you spend on certain sites or disable notifications during certain periods.
3. Be aware of what you consume: Try to limit your exposure to negative news and don't use social networks as a measure of your self-worth.
4. Take regular breaks: If you work in front of a screen, take the time to take a break every hour or so. This can be as simple as a walk, a stretch or even a little meditation.
5. Practice sleep hygiene: Avoid exposure to blue light from screens before bedtime, as it can disrupt your sleep.
In conclusion, while screens are an integral part of our daily lives, it's essential to understand their impact on our stress levels and take steps to manage our screen use in a healthy way. Ultimately, it's about finding a balance that allows us to enjoy the benefits of technology while minimizing the negative effects on our well-being.

Reference :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465981/
10/08/2023
Screen addiction and social mobile games among university students

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, young people around the world have had to spend more time at home, leading to a notable increase in the use of screens for educational purposes, entertainment or to keep in touch with friends and family.

Signs of screen addiction :

Here are a few indicators of excessive screen use that might alert you:

- You find that you spend your evenings, well into the night, surfing social networks or playing online games on your phone or computer.

- You feel the need to sleep with your phone nearby.

- You wake up in the middle of the night to check your phone's notifications.

- As soon as you wake up, you feel the need to check your phone.

- You regularly interrupt your work to check the activity on your phone.

- The thought of having lost your phone makes you panic.

- When you're spending time with friends, you're constantly on your phone.

Understanding young people's addiction to screens and online games

Alongside increased use of screens, an increase in online gaming has also been observed. A recent study (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-022-00816-y) conducted among university students sought to analyze these behaviors, focusing on excessive attachment to screens and online games. The study identified four distinct groups of students, each with different levels of attachment and behaviors.

The first group, called "non-dependent and non-gamers", had the lowest scores in tests of attachment to screens and games. They did not show excessive or compulsive behaviors related to screens or online games.

The next group, "non-gambling addicts", had above-average scores for attachment to gaming, but showed no tendency towards excessive screen use. The third group, "non-gambling addicts", had high scores for screen attachment, but low scores for online gambling. Finally, the last group, "highly addicted gamers", had the highest scores for attachment to screens and games.

The first group showed moderate use of digital technologies without signs of excessive attachment, which is positive. This shows that young people's use of screens and online games does not necessarily lead to excessive attachment. However, it's important to note that this group is only one of four identified by the study. The other three groups show higher levels of attachment, highlighting the need for targeted attention and intervention.

Identifying these groups is a key step in understanding how young people interact with digital technologies, and how these interactions can become problematic. With a better understanding of these behaviors, parents, educators and health professionals can develop more specific intervention strategies.

For example, for young people showing signs of excessive attachment, strategies to limit screen time could be put in place. This could include rules on device use during certain hours, instituting regular breaks away from screens, or encouraging offline activities.

For young people who are passionate about online gaming, strategies could be put in place to encourage healthy, balanced gaming. This could mean helping young people understand the risks associated with excessive gaming, or finding alternative ways of socializing and having fun.

This study underlines the importance of understanding young people's behaviors when it comes to using screens and online games. By recognizing the diversity of behaviors and levels of attachment, we are better able to meet young people's needs and guide them as they navigate the digital world.

References :

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-022-00816-y

08/08/2023

English