Category: Screen exposure

When screens come to the table: effects on family bonding and communication
In a very short space of time, digital technologies have taken over our lives. Screens have even intruded into our intimacy, disrupting family routines. This intrusion into intimate moments, such as family meals, obviously has multiple consequences, particularly on the family fabric. Let's see how this omnipresence can both enrich and hinder communication and family ties.

How can screens connect or distract within the family?

Screens have the potential to connect family members through shared experiences, such as watching a movie together or playing video games that encourage interaction. However, their excessive use can also create a divide, as they divert attention from face-to-face conversations and reduce opportunities for authentic exchanges. According to a survey by Kantar, 1/3 of French people use a screen at the table.

The omnipresence of technology in family life

The increase in technology use during mealtimes is notable, particularly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Families have found refuge in digital for work, education, and entertainment, often simultaneously (Moktan & Karki, 2022) REF[^1^]. This trend is explained by the ease of access to digital devices and the need to stay connected with the outside world, whether for work, school, or leisure. This situation has even turned mealtimes into multitasking moments.

The effects of screens on family communication

Divided attention, essential for quality family communication, is undermined by the constant presence of screens, reducing verbal interactions and the ability to interpret non-verbal signals, fundamental in human relationships (Smirnova & Klopotova, 2024) REF [^2^]. Research shows that time spent in front of devices can diminish the quality of family interactions, affecting children's social development and reducing family cohesion (Korhonen, 2021) REF [^3^].

Screens as a means of connecting family members

Used wisely, connected devices can enrich family moments, through shared learning and entertainment. However, it's important to strike a balance so as not to encroach on precious direct communication time.

The risks of diverting attention from the media during family interactions

The unregulated use of screens at the dinner table can hinder meaningful exchanges. Indeed, these are necessary for strengthening family ties and building healthy, open communication within the home.

What effect do screens have on family meals?

Impact of screen use during mealtime

Technologies at the table can lead to disengaged mealtimes, where each family member is absorbed by his or her own digital world, diminishing the quality of exchanges and attention to food (Addin et al., 2021) REF[^4^]. This presence during meals limits discussion of the day's events or important topics.

The effect of technology on children's food awareness

When a child eats while watching a program or playing a game, his attention is captivated by the screen. He then neglects the food in front of him. This distraction limits his ability to explore and appreciate the sensory aspects of his meal, such as textures, aromas and flavors. What's more, eating on automatic can prevent him from recognizing his body's satiety signals. This leads to inattentive eating.

Family meals: an opportunity to strengthen bonds

Family meals are privileged moments that provide a regular structure for sharing, listening and passing on family values and traditions. They also reinforce a sense of belonging and continuity. They therefore play a fundamental role in children's emotional well-being and social development.

Strategies for reducing the use of screens at the table

It's important to establish clear family rules, such as screen-free zones at the dinner table. This encourages every member of the family to reconnect and share quality time together. Activities such as conversation games or brainstorming questions can stimulate exchanges and fuel conversations.

Testimonials and case studies

Families testify to the benefits observed after limiting the use of connected devices at the dinner table. Among other things, they have noted an improvement in communication and interpersonal relationships. "Since we instituted a 'zero screens at table' rule, our meals have become moments of laughter and sharing. The children talk about their day, and we discuss everything and anything. It's brought us closer together in a way I'd never have imagined," shares Claire Martin, mother of two.

How to manage screen use in the family?

Here are a few tips for regulating young people's screen time and encouraging family communication:
- Set consumption rules and encourage a variety of screen-free activities.
- Be a role model by limiting your own connection time.
- Share digital moments with your family to make it an interactive experience.
- Discuss digital content to show interest in their activities and open up channels of communication.
- Set aside screen-free time for family activities and daily discussions.
In conclusion

Screens have transformed family dynamics, particularly during mealtimes. Striking a balance between their use and the maintenance of rich family communications is crucial to nurturing family ties. Negative effects on children's health and growth can thus be avoided.

Disclaimer

This article is for information only and does not replace professional advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Moktan, S., & Karki, U. (2022). Rising Trend in Screen Time and Associated Autism-like Symptoms in the Digital Age of COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Nutrition.

REF [^2^]. Smirnova, S., & Klopotova, E. (2024). Children's interaction with digital devices: an overview of research and recommendations. Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology.

REF [^3^]. Addin Kurnia Putri, M.A., Supriyadi, S., Wijaya, M., & Pujihartati, S. H. (2021). SOCIAL CAPITAL TO CONTROL GENERATION Z'S SCREEN TIME BEHAVIOR. Journal of Adolescence Studies.

REF [^4^]. Korhonen, L. (2021). The good, the bad and the ugly of children's screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Paediatrica.
29/02/2024
The omnipresence of screens in the digital age: tips for developing children's social skills

In the digital age, managing children's use of screens has become a real challenge for modern parents. Indeed, if they start to take up too much space in their lives, adverse effects on their growth cannot be ruled out. Problems linked to their social development are a major concern. This article explores the impact of screens on young children, and offers parents strategies for fostering harmonious social development.

How can we manage the use of screens by young children?

Managing children's use of screens requires a balanced approach that recognizes both the benefits and the potential risks. It is essential to establish clear and consistent limits for their consumption. High-quality, interactive content should also be favored. Parents must also ensure that the use of these technologies does not replace the social and physical interactions that are vital to a child's growth.

Parents and educational screens

When well chosen, educational screens complement children's education, as they include appropriate and stimulating content. However, it is important for parents to be involved in the choice of programs and applications. Those that encourage interaction rather than passivity should be prioritized. Selecting quality educational content transforms screen time into an enriching learning experience.

Tips to limit children's excessive use of screens

To limit excessive screen use, it's advisable to establish clear rules from an early age. This includes establishing time slots dedicated to digital media and screen-free zones in the home. Encouraging alternative activities naturally reduces the time spent in front of these devices. It is also suggested to accompany children in their use of screens, sharing interactive moments that can strengthen family bonds and support cognitive and social development.

What impact do screens have on children's social skills?

According to a study by Guilherme Requião Radel Neto et al. REF [^1^], early and excessive exposure to digital tools can have negative effects on children's neurolinguistic development, which in turn can impact their human skills. Reduced face-to-face communication limits opportunities for little ones to practice and stimulate their social skills.

Effects of digital culture on children's human interactions

Digital culture is changing the way we interact. It offers new opportunities for communication, but also reduces direct interaction. This evolution requires us to strike a balance between the advantages of digital technologies and children's fundamental need to develop human skills through real-life experiences.

A parenting approach to fostering the development of social skills

Parents play a key role in their children's social development. Face-to-face interaction goes a long way towards nurturing these skills. Older children also need to be aware of their own use of screens, as they act as role models for their young ones.

Using screens to support social development

Applications and programs that stimulate social skills are effective tools. For example, educational games that encourage group problem-solving or require communicating with others can enrich these skills in children in a playful way.

Activities and games to strengthen social skills without screens

Role-playing and group activities are particularly beneficial for developing these skills. Outdoor games, sports activities and board games encourage children to interact, cooperate and resolve conflicts.

How can we make parents aware of the importance of off-screen activities?

How can parents interact with their children through and around screens to enrich the experience?

Parents' interaction with their children around screens is fundamental. Discussing the content being viewed, asking questions, and encouraging children to reflect on what they see transforms screen time into an interactive learning experience.

Strategies to encourage outdoor activities and board games

Offering attractive and accessible alternatives, such as family outings, team sports or game nights, can motivate children to engage in off-screen activities. According to the French longitudinal study (Elfe) by DEPS, at age 5 and a half, 98 % of children watch TV, 54% play with a tablet or computer and 26% with a smartphone at least once a week.

Tips for balancing screen time and physical activity

To achieve this balance, in addition to setting time restrictions, non-digital entertainment should also be promoted. Creating moments in the day dedicated exclusively to screen-free activities encourages family interaction and movement. Finally, parents need to act as role models for their children, demonstrating the importance of an active lifestyle and limiting their own time spent in front of technology.

What tools are available to parents to help children interact off-screen?

The role of parents and educators in developing social skills

Parents and educators have a complementary role to play in developing these skills in children. Each in his or her own way contributes to supporting children's social development.

Parental control and filtering devices for safe screen use

Parental control applications and filtering devices help parents manage their children's use of screens. These tools limit access to certain content and encourage the use of educational applications, while leaving time for off-screen activities. The use of filtering and parental control devices is necessary to ensure a safe and enriching online experience for little ones. These devices enable adults to supervise usage and encourage healthy habits.

In conclusion

Even though screens have become an integral part of daily life, it's up to parents to adopt a balanced approach. This approach values real interaction and makes judicious use of digital technologies. In this way, they can help their little ones develop the social skills they need to thrive in a connected world.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for educational and informational purposes and does not replace professional advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Radel Neto, G. R., Nasser de Mello, N. F., da Silva, G. P., Rolim, T. A., & de Souza Pimenta, M. (2024). The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review. Link to article

29/02/2024
Omnipresent screens: Preserving children's social skills in a digital world

In the digital age, early and excessive exposure to screens is fuelling fears about its impact on children's development. Indeed, toddlers are now growing up in the company of traditional television, but also with digital devices such as smartphones and tablets. This article examines the risks associated with this overexposure, and suggests strategies for maintaining a healthy balance that promotes children's social-emotional and cognitive development.

The risks of early exposure to screens for children's health and development

One study found that children at risk of socio-emotional delay were significantly more likely to have multiple daily routines occurring with a screen (Raman et al., 2017) REF[^1^].

Impaired parent-child interaction

Early and intensive exposure to screens can disrupt children's growth in a number of ways. Altered parent-child interactions due to attention divided by screens limit opportunities for attachment and communication, crucial to a child's emotional development.

Delayed language development

What's more, delayed language development can occur when children spend more time in front of digital media than in conversation with adults. This reduces their exposure to rich and varied language.

Difficulty decoding emotions and expressing themselves

Difficulties in decoding emotions and expressing themselves are also exacerbated by a lack of real social interaction. This makes it difficult for children to progress in complex social situations.

The importance of real interactions in a digital world for social and emotional development

Face-to-face communication is irreplaceable and indispensable to children's social and emotional development. Tactile exchanges and facial expressions between parent and child are fundamental to their emotional well-being and security. These moments of physical closeness strengthen the affective bond and support emotional development.

Learning through play and imitation in young children

Play allows children to explore their environment, develop social skills and solve problems creatively. Through this activity, little ones also learn to negotiate, share and collaborate with others.

Optimal brain development through tactile and emotional stimulation

Diverse sensory and emotional experiences provide stimuli and promote learning. An environment rich in stimuli contributes to balanced cognitive and emotional development.

How to help children and teenagers develop social skills despite screens

To help children and teenagers develop their social skills in a world dominated by digital technology. It's vital to encourage face-to-face exchanges and group activities that focus on verbal communication and social development. Establishing screen-free moments, such as family meals and game nights, strengthens family ties and improves communication skills.

Raising awareness of the risks associated with early exposure to connected tools, including sleep disorders and obesity, is paramount to promoting a balanced lifestyle. Wolf et al. (2018) REF[^2^] highlight the importance of understanding early exposure to screens as an avoidable risk factor for children's health and growth.

How can we preserve exchanges by limiting exposure to screens for their proper development in a digital world?

Tips for reducing toddler screen time

Establishing screen-free time slots and creating technology-free daily routines encourage natural growth and creativity. Encouraging screen-free activities from an early age helps to establish healthy habits.

Alternative activities to promote eye and body contact

Board games, art activities and sports encourage social interaction and motor skills, while providing opportunities for eye contact and emotional expression.

Setting an example for children as a parent

Parents need to limit their own use of screens to promote a model of healthy behavior. By adopting a balanced use of screens themselves, they show the way forward.

Recommendations for video games and multimedia content

It's vital to choose video games and programs that are not only age-appropriate, but also encourage interaction and active learning. These contents should be used to complement, not replace, real-life contacts and activities.

Warning signs of overexposure to screens

Withdrawal, difficulty relating to peers

A waning interest in social interaction may indicate overexposure to screens. Parents need to be attentive to these behavioral changes, which sometimes show an imbalance in the consumption of digital devices.

Passivity, lack of interest in physical games

A preference for sedentary activities in front of a screen is sometimes a sign of physical and cognitive imbalance. Favoring a variety of physical activities helps restore a healthy balance. According to the latest statistics, 84% of young people aged twelve and over use a cell phone.

Delayed motor and language development

Delays in these areas require an assessment of the child's use of digital tools and daily activities. Reducing the time spent in front of these technologies may be necessary to stimulate motor skills and language.

Resources for parents

Tools such as parental control apps, advice from healthcare professionals, and a variety of books and websites offer strategies and tools for managing connected media use and promoting healthy growth. These resources aim to help parents navigate the complex digital landscape and make informed decisions about their family's digital use.

In conclusion

A balanced and conscious approach to the use of screens is a weapon that contributes to the healthy development of children. Understanding the risks associated with early and excessive exposure, and implementing proactive strategies, are valuable tools for parents. They can then support their children in acquiring robust social and cognitive skills in a digital world.

Disclaimer

This article is for information purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Raman, S., Guerrero-Duby, S., McCullough, J. L. K., Brown, M. F., Ostrowski-Delahanty, S., Langkamp, D., & Duby, J. (2017). Screen Exposure During Daily Routines and a Young Child's Risk for Having Social-Emotional Delay.

REF [^2^]. Wolf, C., Wolf, S., Weiss, M., & Nino, G. (2018). Children's Environmental Health in the Digital Era: Understanding Early Screen Exposure as a Preventable Risk Factor for Obesity and Sleep Disorders.

28/02/2024
Responsible screen use by adults in the presence of children

Screens have become an integral part of our daily lives. However, excessive use of digital technologies can have harmful effects on children's development and well-being. This article examines the impact of screen addiction among adults on younger children, and proposes concrete solutions to encourage responsible consumption within the family.

Understanding the impact of screens on children

The effects of screens on children's brains

Several studies show that early and prolonged exposure to screens affects brain development and cognitive functions in children. For example, a research in 2020 REF [^1^] reports that excessive video viewing in toddlers is associated with attention and self-regulation disorders. These tools also have a detrimental impact on language, with delayed vocabulary development of up to 6 months.

Behavioral and emotional consequences

Beyond the cognitive effects, spending too much time in front of screens can have repercussions on children's behavior and mental health. Irritability, anxiety, sleep disorders, relationship difficulties: the signs of overexposure to digital media are manifold. A 2016 meta-analysis REF [^2^] establishes a link between intensive use of social networks and depression in adolescents.

What are the effects of excessive screen use by adults in the presence of children?

Impact on physical health

When parents themselves are absorbed by their screens, this has repercussions on their interactions with their children. Physically, their own health can suffer as a result. But most problematic of all is the example they set for younger children.

The impact on family interactions

According to a Boston University study REF[^3^] conducted in 2018, parents' hyperconnectedness hinders their ability to engage emotionally with their children. The lack of attention and rich verbal exchanges hinders little ones' social-emotional development.

Adult modeling of behavior

Influence of parental habits on children

Children have a natural tendency to reproduce and adopt their parents' behaviors. If their parents spend too much time in front of a screen, up to several hours a day, there's a good chance that their children will do the same by imitation. Parents must therefore set an example by responsibly managing their own exposure to technology.

Managing personal exposure to screens

Parents need to set an example for their children on how to use screens. This means responsibly managing their own exposure time. To this end, they can implement concrete strategies aimed at reducing their consumption of digital technologies on a daily basis. According to a study conducted by faireparterie, in collaboration with the Gece polling institute, 52 % of parents consider themselves addicted to their smartphone. While 72 % of their children prefer screens to traditional games.

How can you limit screen time to maintain a balanced family life?

Tips for balanced screen use

According to the recommendations, it's important to set time slots dedicated to digital activities, with time limits adapted to the child's age. Technology-free times should be prioritized, especially during mealtimes or in the evening before bedtime. Ideally, alternative recreational activities should be offered to replace screen time. When parents establish a structured framework around the use of digital devices, they encourage balanced consumption.

Establish rules for the use of screens in the home

To make children aware of their responsibilities, parents can lay down rules governing the use of screens in the home. For example, it may be forbidden to use tablets and smartphones during meals or in the bedrooms. Screen-free periods can also be set aside, particularly in the evenings or at weekends. By creating zones and moments of family life that are entirely free from digital solicitations, attention is refocused on exchanges and the pleasure of being together.

Alternative activities to screens

Promoting recreational activities that don't require screens is a very good way of limiting the appeal of digital technologies. Board games, sports, arts and crafts, walks... there's no shortage of ideas for entertaining young and old in a different way. The most important thing is to encourage concrete social interaction and the pleasure of being together as a family without an electronic interface. The practice of fun and enriching alternatives naturally helps to reduce the time spent on connected devices.

What are the best ways to help children manage adult screen use?

Strategies for encouraging the educational use of screens

Instead of strictly banning screens, parents can take advantage of the opportunity to share moments of discovery with their children. Watching and discussing age-appropriate educational content together helps to instill responsible use of digital technologies.

The importance of modeling screen-free behavior

More than speeches, children need to see their parents adopt good digital habits themselves. Limiting their own screen time, practicing activities without electronic support and showing that they can thrive without screens are ways of setting an example. Little ones reproduce what they observe: it's up to parents to model good behavior.

How can screen addiction affect the well-being of children and teenagers?

Signs of screen addiction in young people

There are many warning signs that youngsters may be addicted to screens: social isolation, aggressiveness, sleep and eating disorders, chronic fatigue, falling school results... When digital activities such as video games encroach on a child's health and social life, parents need to intervene.

How can we promote a stimulating real world away from screens?

To reduce dependency on digital technologies, parents need to redouble their imagination to offer an attractive and stimulating real world. Multiply outings, sports and creative activities, group games, and encourage children to leave their digital lives behind and embrace the real world around them.

Resources and tools for parents

Parental control applications and tools

A number of digital tools can help parents control their children's screen use. Apps such as Qustodio, Kidslox or the integrated features of Screentime (iOS) can help monitor, limit and control the screen use of young children.

Information and support

A wide range of resources are available to help parents manage their offspring's digital activities. Dedicated websites, specialized books, conferences... they'll find the information, advice and support they need to tackle the issue of screens as a family with peace of mind.

In conclusion

Although omnipresent in our lives, screens need to be used with discernment, especially in the presence of the very young. Parents have a crucial role to play in adopting good habits themselves, and in creating a family environment conducive to quality social interaction.

Disclaimer

The content of this article is the author's personal commentary and analysis. The information presented is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a doctor or qualified healthcare professional with any questions you may have about your own health or that of your loved ones.

References

REF [^1^]. Madigan, S., McArthur, B. A., Anhorn, C., Eirich, R., & Christakis, D. A. (2020). Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics, 174(7), 665-675. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32202633/

REF [^2^]. Liu, M., Wu, L., & Yao, S. (2016). Dose-response association of screen time-based sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents and depression: a meta-analysis of observational studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(20), 1252-1258. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/50/20/1252

REF [^3^]. Myruski, S., Gulyayeva, O., Birk, S., Perez-Edgar, K., Buss, K. A., & Dennis-Tiwary, T. A. (2018). Digital disruption? Maternal mobile device use is related to infant social-emotional functioning. Developmental science, 21(4), e12610. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318503415_Digital_Disruption_Maternal_mobile_device_use_and_child_social-emotional_functioning

27/02/2024
Screen use among adolescents: impact on social ties in the school environment

Over the past twenty years, the use of screens in schools for educational or personal purposes has grown considerably. As a result, their impact on social development and on young people, particularly in the academic environment, has become controversial. There's no denying that, in this context, these technologies offer a number of advantages. Nevertheless, the risks are not minimal, in terms of the growth and well-being of young children. The aim is to find the right balance to constructively manage the time spent in front of these devices.

Screen use and social development in adolescents

General overview

The integration of screens into teenagers' daily lives has profoundly altered their social interactions. While digital technologies offer unique opportunities for learning and connecting, they also present significant challenges for emotional development and socialization.

According to a study by Fairclough (2021) REF [^1^], a large proportion of adolescents far exceed the recommendation of limiting screen time for recreational purposes to 2 hours a day, with potential consequences for their well-being. Research by Goswami and Parekh (2023) REF [^2^] reveals that excessive screen time is linked to negative outcomes in various areas of child development, including cognitive, social, emotional and physical skills.

Negative consequences

Excessive engagement with digital media leads to a reduction in direct social interactions, essential for the development of social and emotional skills. Isolation and addiction to video games as well as social networks are well-documented risks, with negative impacts on mental and physical health (Kharade, 2021) REF[^3^].

Positive potentials

Digital technologies enrich collaborative learning and strengthen social ties at a distance. However, this requires thoughtful, supervised use. Social networks offer platforms for communication and self-expression. They thus contribute to the development of identity and social relationships, despite the associated risks.

Children's passivity in front of screens

Children become passive by spending long hours in front of screens. This has become a major concern. This passivity can limit active social interaction and reduce opportunities for physical engagement. When technology monopolizes teenagers' attention, it risks hindering their ability to initiate and maintain meaningful social relationships in real life.

Video games: between risks and opportunities for social cohesion

Risks associated with video games

Video game addiction is a worrying phenomenon, particularly among teenagers. This addiction sometimes leads to social isolation, where individuals privilege virtual worlds to the detriment of real interactions. Kharade (2021) REF [^3^] points out that excessive engagement with video games can exacerbate mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. What's more, prolonged immersion in these virtual environments reduces the time devoted to physical activity, with risks of the onset of chronic diseases, including obesity and sleep disorders. It is vital to recognize the signs of addiction and intervene early to prevent these negative consequences.

The opportunities offered by video games

Despite these risks, video games also offer significant opportunities for social development, not least because of their interactive nature. Some games encourage teamwork, cooperation and group problem-solving. Virtual social skills are then developed. These environments sometimes serve as platforms for collaborative learning and the establishment of social relationships. They become unique opportunities for young people to connect with peers who share the same interests, across geographical boundaries. It is therefore important to encourage a balanced use of video games. This means recognizing their potential to enrich social and cognitive skills.

Social networks and their influence on social ties in schools

Positive impact of social networks

Social networks play a central role in teenagers' social lives. They have become unique spaces for communication, self-expression and identity development. These platforms enable young people to maintain and strengthen social ties, as they facilitate interaction with friends and family. They also offer opportunities for discovery and engagement in communities of interest. In addition, social media serve as an important medium for informal learning and knowledge exchange, which will enrich teenagers' educational experience.

Challenges and issues related to social networking

However, the use of social networks is not without risks. Cyberbullying is a serious problem, with potentially devastating consequences for teenagers' self-esteem and mental well-being. What's more, social pressure and online comparison sometimes contribute to anxiety and depression. Proactive strategies are therefore needed to educate young people about responsible use of these media, promote safe online environments and support victims of cyberbullying.

Prevention strategies and recommendations for managing screen time

Involved parents and educators

Parents and educators are key players in supervising the use of digital tools. It's important to establish clear and consistent limits around screen time, but also to promote open dialogue about digital content. Encouraging screen-free activities, such as sports, creative leisure and face-to-face social interaction, is fundamental to balanced growth.

School initiatives

Schools also have a role to play, by integrating digital education into their curricula to teach students critical and responsible use of technology. Offering extra-curricular activities that encourage social interaction and the development of social skills can help counteract the effects of screen-related isolation. According to Unesco, around 50 % of the world's lower secondary schools were connected to the Internet for educational purposes in 2022.

State initiatives to limit children's exposure

At state level, initiatives aim to control children's exposure to screens. These recognize the importance of a national approach to promoting the healthy use of digital technologies. These public policies should play a decisive role in making families aware of the risks and opportunities associated with the use of technologies, and in supporting the adoption of responsible digital practices. For several years now, the law has prohibited the use of cell phones in secondary schools. It also makes it compulsory to install a parental control device on every tablet, smartphone, computer and television placed on the French market.

In conclusion

The impact of screen use on the social bond between adolescents is complex. This situation calls for a balanced approach that recognizes both risks and opportunities. Collaboration between parents, educators and policy-makers is needed to frame this use in a way that promotes the healthy development of children and adolescents. These strategies underline the importance of a collaborative, multi-dimensional strategy to manage screen use among our young people, for their social development.

Disclaimer

This article draws on scientific research to provide a balanced analysis of the impact of screen use on adolescents.

References

REF [^1^]. Fairclough, S. (2021). Adolescents' digital screen time as a concern for health and well-being? Device type and context matter. Acta Paediatrica. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.15843

REF [^2^]. Goswami, P., & Parekh, V. (2023). The impact of screen time on child and adolescent development: a review. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health. https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231865

REF [^3^]. Kharade, S. S. (2021). An Adverse Effect of Social, Gaming, and Entertainment Media on Overall Development of Adolescents. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8318-0.ch003

26/02/2024
Screens in young children: understanding differences in exposure according to social category

According to the results of certain studies, the impact of the omnipresence of screens in the daily lives of young people also depends on social factors. What's more, exposure to these technologies varies according to social category. In this article, we take a closer look at the issues surrounding screen time and its impact on children's development.

Context and importance of screen use

The evolution of children's exposure to screens

Children's use of screens has increased dramatically over the last few decades. This has shifted from television to various screens, such as smartphones, tablets and so on. This trend raises concerns about its impact on young people's cognitive and social development. Studies show that early and intensive exposure to these tools can affect children's cognitive development, mental and physical health, as well as social and emotional skills.

Social categories and access to technology

Research shows that our little ones are exposed to screens from an early age, often before the age of two. This early exposure can vary significantly depending on the family environment and available resources. This finding highlights a disparity between social categories. The distribution of technological resources is not uniform across the different strata. This influences children's access to and use of digital devices. Families with higher incomes often have greater access to a variety of devices and quality educational content, while children born into less affluent families may find themselves with limited access to these valuable resources.

A study carried out by Ined and Inserm reveals that children whose mothers have not attended high school spend an average of 45 extra minutes a day in front of screens at the age of 2, and 1 hour and 15 minutes more at the age of 5 and a half, compared with those whose mothers have a level of education equal to or higher than 5 years of post-baccalaureate study.

The effects of screens on young children

Cognitive development

Overexposure to screens affects children's cognitive development, particularly in terms of concentration, memory and learning ability. These effects vary according to the nature of the exposure and the type of content consumed. A study by Rachel Acheson highlights the impact of digital technology on children's mental health, highlighting links between social media use and depressive symptoms in adolescents (Acheson, 2022) REF [^1^].

Physical and mental health

Intensive screen use is associated with sleep disorders, reduced physical activity and emotional well-being problems in adolescents and children. These impacts also seem to be modulated by social and family context, with significant variations according to screen-use practices in different social categories.

Social and emotional skills

Exposure to digital technologies can influence children's social and emotional skills. It limits face-to-face interaction and alters the perception of social relationships. Social environment plays a key role in modulating these effects. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are potentially more exposed to inappropriate content or excessive use of screens without adequate supervision.

The special case of children aged two and under

Children aged 2 and under are particularly sensitive to screen exposure. Current guidelines recommend zero screens for children under 3, and a focus on human interaction for their growth and well-being.

Differences in screen exposure by social category

Factors influencing exposure

Parental education, available resources and cultural norms are key factors influencing children's exposure to digital media. In-depth analysis reveals varied patterns of screen use across different social backgrounds. Children from affluent backgrounds generally have access to high-quality educational content and supervised screen use.

Consequences of disparities

Inequalities in access to quality educational content and appropriate facilities can have a significant impact on long-term educational and social opportunities for young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. These disparities underline the need for initiatives aimed at reducing gaps in access to and consumption of digital resources.

Strategies for mitigating the negative effects of screen use

The role of parents and educators

It's vital to regulate the use of screens by young children. It's best to favor quality content and limit exposure time. Media education and support are fundamental to developing a critical and conscious use of technology, so as to get the most out of it.

Recommendations for children's use of screens

Specific recommendations, based on the latest research, aim to help parents and educators navigate today's complex digital landscape. This means establishing clear rules on the frequency, duration and content of children's screen sessions.

Public and private initiatives

Several programs aim to reduce inequalities in exposure to screens. They include resources and training for families and childcare professionals. These initiatives have met with varying degrees of success. This underlines the need for a coordinated and inclusive approach to this complex issue.

In conclusion

Understanding the differences in exposure to screens between different social groups is vital for tackling the various challenges posed by digital technology in children's development. A balanced approach that takes into account the specific needs of each child and his or her family and social context is needed to maximize the benefits of technology.

Disclaimer

This article is based on research and studies available at the time of writing. It is intended to inform and raise awareness, and does not replace professional advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Acheson, R. (2022). Research digest: Digital technology and its impact on child mental health. Digital Technology Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0075417X.2022.2127839

REF [^2^]. Zulkifli N, Novianti R, Garzia M. (2021). The Role of Preschool in Using Gadgets for Digital Natives Generation. Journal of Preschool and Digital Education. https://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.152.02

26/02/2024
Parents, role models in the use of screens for young children
In this new age of ubiquitous screens, it's now clear that adults must serve as role models when it comes to using these technologies. Indeed, children unconsciously model their behavior on that of their parents. It's up to parents to set an example for their children, so that they adopt healthy practices. This article explains how grown-ups can positively influence their children's screen habits.

Understanding the impact of screens on children

Effects on cognitive and social development

Exposure to screens is not without consequences for young children's development. According to Florence Nwankwo et al. (2019) REF [^1^], although technology offers learning opportunities, too much time in front of a screen can lead to health problems such as obesity, affecting children's physical and cognitive well-being. This study highlights the importance of balancing screen time with other essential developmental activities.

Risks associated with early and excessive use

Research by Huilan Xu et al (2015) REF [^2^] highlights the risks associated with early immersion in the digital world, including attention and sleep disorders. These reveal that parental supervision is crucial in modulating the impact of screens on children, hence the value of encouraging moderate, targeted use.

The role of parents in the use of screens

Parents as role models

Parents' media consumption behavior serves as a benchmark for their children. The study by Valérie Brauchli and co-authors (2023) REF [^3^] illustrates how parental stress and attitudes towards these technologies directly influence children's exposure time. This shows that adults need to practice what they preach when it comes to digital habits, so it's best to be consistent. According to a study conducted by faireparterie, in collaboration with the Gece polling institute, 92 % of parents use the Internet every day, 52 % say they are addicted to their smartphone.

Establish rules for screen use

K. Hesketh and colleagues (2012) REF[^4^] studied how parents perceive their role in managing their children's physical activity and screen time. Their findings show that clear rules and limits in the consumption of these tools are needed to prevent sedentary behavior from an early age.

Strategies for responsible screen use

Limit screen time and opt for alternative activities

It's vital to find the right balance between screen time and other enriching activities. Setting clear limits, such as from such and such an hour to such and such an hour a day, helps to better manage the consumption of these technologies. It also makes children feel more responsible about their use. Encouraging them to explore offline leisure activities, such as reading, sports or the arts, can contribute to balanced development and reduced dependency on these devices.

Selection of adapted and educational content

Choosing age-appropriate content that promotes learning is another key strategy. Parents need to be selective about the programs, games and apps their children are exposed to. Those that stimulate creativity and cognitive development are to be preferred.

Talking to children about screens

Open communication on digital media consumption

Open dialogue about how to use connected devices helps children understand expectations and limits. When their questions and opinions are valued, it reinforces their autonomy and critical thinking when it comes to media content. These moments should also be marked by active listening.

Media and information literacy

Educating children about how to interact with the media must be a priority. Teaching them to question and analyze content contributes to their intellectual development and online safety.

Parent-child interactions with screens

Using screens as shared learning tools

Moments shared around digital devices can become opportunities for learning and dialogue. Watching an educational program together, or playing an interactive game, enables parents to pass on values and stimulate children's curiosity.

Establish rules of use together

Interactions between parents and children provide an opportunity to establish rules for family use of technology. By discussing limits and explaining their importance, adults show the importance of diversifying activities and encourage thoughtful use of screens.

Strengthening family ties

When well-directed, screen-based exchanges strengthen family ties. They provide a common space for exchange and sharing. The parent-child relationship, beyond the simple management of screen time, will then be enriched.

In conclusion

Parents have a decisive role to play in managing their children's use of screens. By adopting responsible practices and establishing clear rules, they can guide their children towards a balanced and beneficial use of digital technologies.

Disclaimer

This article is based on scientific research and is intended to provide information. For personalized advice, please consult a healthcare professional.

References
- Nwankwo, F., et al. (2019). "Evaluation of Children's Screen Viewing Time and Parental Role in Household Context." Global Pediatric Health. Link
- Xu, H., et al. (2015). "Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review." Journal of Obesity. Link
- Brauchli, V., et al. (2023). "Are screen media the new pacifiers? The role of parenting stress and parental attitudes for children's screen time in early childhood." Computers in Human Behavior. Link
- Hesketh, K., et al. (2012). "Children's physical activity and screen time: qualitative comparison of views of parents of infants and preschool children." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Link
23/02/2024
Do social networks help maintain social ties or are they a source of stress?
Social networks now play a major role in our lives. It's almost impossible to escape them. Young and old alike use them for a variety of purposes: socializing, communicating, keeping up with the news, and so on. These platforms have both advantages and disadvantages. Social networks like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok or YouTube were created to attract attention, but also to maintain it. The challenge today is to find the right balance to avoid any possible excesses.

Social networks as tools for maintaining social ties

Facilitating remote communication

Social networks have revolutionized the way we communicate, enabling us to maintain contact with geographically distant loved ones. A study by Myra Sader highlights the importance of perceived social support through networks, indicating that the strength of virtual ties can reduce work-related stress by promoting access to support from REF colleagues [^1^]. According to a study published in February 2023, 59 % of the world's population use these platforms.

Benefits for isolated populations or those with reduced mobility

For people who are isolated or have reduced mobility, social media are a window on the world. They enable them to participate in social life without physical barriers. These platforms offer support and a sense of belonging.

Social networks and community support

Online forums and groups are places where advice and support can be found. The study by Heller, Swindle, and Dusenbury shows how social "support", including in virtual environments, can play a prophylactic role against stress and mental illness REF [^2^].

Social networks as a source of stress

The pressure of social comparison

Constant comparison with others on social networks can have a negative impact on self-esteem. Marie-Pierre Fourquet-Courbet and Didier Courbet's book, "Connectés et Heureux - Du Stress Digital au Bien-être Numérique", sheds light on the deleterious effects of this comparison, while suggesting ways to develop a digital intelligence that protects our well-being REF [^3^].

Information overload and addiction

Information overload and the difficulty of disconnecting often lead to excessive use of social networks, a source of stress and anxiety. Digital stress is one of the major drawbacks of this overconsumption. Authors Fourquet-Courbet and Courbet also discuss the importance of managing digital consumption to maintain a healthy balance.

Cyberbullying and its consequences

Cyberstalking represents the dark side of social media, with serious consequences for mental health. The research highlights the need to create safer online environments and promote respect and empathy in virtual interactions.

Strategies for healthy social networking

Setting usage limits

Setting clear limits for social networking use is crucial. This can include disconnection periods and the conscious selection of life-enriching content.

Promoting conscious, positive use

Following accounts that inspire and encourage positive interaction can positively transform the social networking experience. Education about the risks and benefits of these platforms is fundamental for all subscribers.

Awareness-raising and education

It's important to educate users, especially young people, about the benefits and harmful effects of these platforms. This includes promoting thoughtful use and implementing strategies to manage digital stress.

FOMO: the driving force behind social networking addiction

FOMO, or the fear of missing out, is a powerful psychological phenomenon that plays a significant role in social networking addiction. This feeling is fueled by the constant exposure to the often idealized highlights of other people's lives found on these platforms.

Understanding FOMO

FOMO arises from social comparison, a process by which individuals evaluate their own lives based on the experiences shared by their online peers. This comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy, jealousy, or fear of missing out on important experiences.

Impact of FOMO

The impacts of FOMO are multiple and include, among others:
- Anxiety and stress: The constant worry of not being up to date with the latest news or social events sometimes increases stress and anxiety levels.
- Excessive use of social networks: To combat this feeling, people find themselves compulsively checking their news feed.
- Deterioration of real relationships : FOMO leads to the neglect of real-world relationships and activities in favor of an increased online presence.
Strategies for managing FOMO

To counter FOMO, it's advisable to practice gratitude, and focusing on the positive aspects of one's own life helps reduce the need for social comparison. Voluntary disconnection involves taking regular breaks to reconnect with the real world and its activities. It's also important to recognize that online representations are often idealized and don't reflect the complexity of real life.

In conclusion

Social networks have the potential to enrich lives, but they can also be a source of stress. Conscious, balanced use and awareness of possible dangers are the keys to making the most of them and preserving mental well-being.

Disclaimer

This article is for information purposes only and is based on scientific research. It does not replace the advice of a health professional.

References

REF [^1^]. Sader, M. (2018). Social support from colleagues and stress at work: a social network analysis approach.

REF [^2^]. Heller, K., Swindle, R., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: comments and integration.

REF [^3^]. Fourquet-Courbet, M.-P., & Courbet, D. (2019). Connected and Happy - From Digital Stress to Digital Well-Being.
22/02/2024
How do screens impact on the domestic sphere?

With the digital revolution, screens have become integral members of the family. Their presence has brought different solutions to different problems. Currently in France, 98 % of families with children have a television, 98 % a computer and an Internet connection. Nevertheless, this omnipresence has led to the emergence of new forms of tension, and has somewhat disrupted cohabitation and family equilibrium. This change raises questions about how these technologies are managed within families, and their impact on intergenerational dynamics.

How can we regulate the use of screens within families?

Screen use among family members

Screens serve as a means of communication between family members, as educational tools and as sources of entertainment. Nevertheless, the proliferation of these digital media requires rational regulation to avoid negative effects on family well-being. An open dialogue on the use of screens allows each family member to express his or her needs and concerns.

Screen technologies

The diversity of technologies, from smartphones to tablets and computers, offers multiple points of access to digital content. This makes managing them more complex. A personalized approach that takes into account the age, interests and responsibilities of each individual, helps to better manage this diversity.

How do you regulate screen time?

Setting clear rules about screen time, practicing off-screen activities and establishing screen-free zones in the home are effective strategies for regulating digital media use. Encouraging quality family time without screens, such as meals or board games, also strengthens family bonds and complicity.

What are the effects of screens in the home on intergenerational relations?

The impact of screens on interpersonal relationships

Keith N. Hampton and Inyoung Shin (2022) REF [^1^] explored the impact of unequal access to new media and restrictive parenting practices on adolescents' self-esteem, suggesting that disconnection may be more problematic than heavy use of social media. This research highlights the importance of striking a balance between access to these platforms and the preservation of young people's self-esteem.

Relations between parents and children around screens

The digital practices of teenagers and their parents reveal that, while screens facilitate certain interactions, they can also create communication barriers. Shared digital activities help to overcome these barriers and strengthen mutual understanding.

Digital practices of teenagers and their parents

The digital practices of teenagers and their parents reflect the complexity of family interactions in the digital age. Indeed, each generation has its own habits and preferences when it comes to consuming screens. Open communication about these practices helps to establish rules for media use that respect everyone's needs while promoting family well-being. Content, such as online games or educational projects, strengthens the bonds between parents and teenagers, creating spaces for dialogue and mutual learning.

How do screens influence family interactions?

Children and their relationship with household screens

Michael Saker and L. Evans' (2021) REF[^2^] study of intergenerational locative play with Pokémon Go illustrates how location-based games strengthen family bonds, as they prioritize shared physical and social activities. This shows that digital media can be positively integrated into family activities, as they thus strengthen the bond and shared discovery.

The impact of video games on family relationships

Video games, when integrated in a balanced way into family life, become opportunities for sharing and mutual learning. However, they require parental mediation to avoid conflict. To maintain family harmony, it's important to discuss together the appropriate content and time devoted to video games.

Social networks and family relationships

Social networks are changing the way families communicate. They have introduced new forms of interaction, while presenting challenges for family cohesion. Responsible, conscious use of social networks can help overcome these difficulties and promote healthy communication.

Couples and technical objects and screens

Screen technologies can also influence couple relationships. They are a means of connection, but they are also a source of distraction and a barrier to intimate communication. It's important for couples to carve out screen-free time to nurture their relationship.

In conclusion

The permanent presence of screens in modern homes impacts each family differently, positively or negatively, depending on their original configuration. Indeed, families who value dialogue and sharing in their daily interactions tend to maintain this positive dynamic even in the context of screen use. Conversely, for families marked by constant conflict, digital technologies can become an additional factor of distance and disunity. Nevertheless, a conscious and collective regulation of their consumption remains essential to preserve harmony and well-being within the domestic sphere.

Disclaimer

This article is for information purposes only and does not replace professional medical or educational advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Hampton, K. N., & Shin, I. (2022). Disconnection More Problematic for Adolescent Self-Esteem than Heavy Social Media Use: Evidence from Access Inequalities and Restrictive Media Parenting in Rural America. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08944393221117466 ↩

REF [^2^]. Saker, M., & Evans, L. (2021). Intergenerational Locative Play. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/9781839091391 ↩

22/02/2024
The impact of screens on adults' mental health: between dangers and benefits
Basically, screens are supposed to be used for well-being, entertainment and communication. However, the more time an individual spends in front of these technologies, the greater the negative effects of this overexposure on their mental health. Indeed, over the last few decades, consumption has increased, and the Covid 19 pandemic has only accelerated matters. This article explores the disorders and benefits associated with the use of screens.

How can screen use affect mental health?

Impact on mental health

A study by Zhang et al (2021) examined the specific relationships between screen time and various mental health problems among adults in China. The results showed that excessive screen use was associated with symptoms of PTSD, depression, ADHD, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) REF [^1^]

The impact of excessive screen use

Increased screen time has been identified as a cause of worsening physical and psychological health and sleep patterns, according to a literature review by Nakshine et al. (2022). This constant exposure can increase stress and anxiety and cause a variety of sleep problems in adults and children REF[^2^].

Link between exposure to screens and mental health problems

Santos et al (2024) carried out a systematic review of associations between screen time and mental health in adults, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies to explore specific causal relationships REF[^3^].

Screen misuse among adults: a threat to well-being

Defining screen misuse

Screen misuse can be defined as use that negatively affects physical and mental health, social relationships and productivity. This definition encompasses a wide range of behaviors from procrastination to binge-watching, all of which can contribute to a deterioration in overall well-being.

Influence on productivity and creativity

Excessive screen use can lead to digital distraction. Productivity and creativity are reduced by information overload and easy access to instant entertainment. This overuse can also inhibit the ability to focus on single tasks. The depth of creative thinking is then limited.

Impact on social relations

Screens can alter our social interactions. This leads to social isolation, with a preference for online interactions over face-to-face relationships. This dynamic leads to a decline in the quality of interpersonal relationships and an increased sense of loneliness.

Video games and mental health

Positive effects of video games on the brain

Video games can help improve certain cognitive skills and serve as relaxation and stress management tools. They also offer a temporary escape from the worries of daily life, contributing to a better psychological balance.

Risks associated with excessive use

However, too much time spent playing these games can lead to anxiety disorders, depression and addiction. These risks underline the importance of moderation in the time spent on these programs to maintain balanced mental health.

Video game addiction: recognizing the signs

It's important to recognize the signs of addiction, such as the inability to limit gambling time and neglect of other activities. Awareness of these signals is the first step towards seeking help and implementing appropriate strategies.

Resources and help for video game problems

Resources and support programs are available for those suffering from problems related to excessive video game use. Access to these tools can provide the support needed to overcome addiction and regain balance.

How can social networking affect mental health?

Social comparison and self-esteem

Social networks sometimes have a negative impact on self-esteem and body image through social comparison. This tendency to compare oneself to others sometimes leads to personal dissatisfaction and feelings of inferiority.

Cyberbullying and its effects

Cyberbullying is a worrying reality of social media, with a direct impact on the mental health of victims. Combating this phenomenon requires constant vigilance and online protection measures.

Social networking addiction

Social network addiction is a recurring phenomenon, characterized by a compulsive need to check and interact on these platforms. This disorder is likely to lead to a deterioration in well-being, and requires conscious management of time spent online.

Social networks and loneliness

Paradoxically, intensive use of social networks can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation. Finding a balance between the digital world and real-life interactions is crucial to maintaining robust mental health. According to the results of a survey conducted by Statista Research Department, among respondents aged 60 to 69, almost 51 % said they use at least one social network, while 79 % of those aged 18 to 24 use at least one.

Can we prevent the harmful effects of screens on mental health?

The role of physical activity in preventing screen-related disorders

Regular physical activity is an effective way of counterbalancing the negative effects of excessive exposure to connected devices. It not only promotes good physical health, but also contributes to better mental health.

Tips for the proper use of screens and the preservation of mental health

It's important to establish restrictions in consumption, to favor enriching content and to favor periods of disconnection. These practices help preserve psychological health and ensure that the use of these technologies remains beneficial.

How can we identify and treat mental health problems caused by screens?

Warning signs of screen-related mental disorders

Signs include mood changes, sleep disturbances and decreased interest in off-screen activities. Identifying these signals is crucial to proactively intervening and seeking help.

Treatment approaches for screen-related mental health problems

Therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can be effective in treating screen addiction. These methods offer strategies for managing consumption and improving mental well-being.

How to treat screen addiction?

To treat screen addiction, it's helpful to set clear limits on use, and to favor enriching off-screen activities. Consulting a healthcare professional can offer personalized support and tailored strategies for managing this disorder. Finally, incorporating moments of daily disconnection helps to gradually reduce dependency and improve overall well-being.

In conclusion

The use of screens presents both dangers and benefits for the mental health of adults. Nevertheless, these technologies offer more advantages than disadvantages, provided they are used in a balanced way. So it's important to find the right balance to reap the benefits, particularly in terms of mental health.

Disclaimer

This article is for information purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.

References

REF [^1^]. Zhang, Y.-f., Li, Q., Hu, W., Zhan, N., Zou, J., Wang, J., & Geng, F. (2021). The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017. Link to article ↩

REF [^2^]. Nakshine, V. S., Thute, P., Khatib, M., & Sarkar, B. (2022). Increased Screen Time as a Cause of Declining Physical, Psychological Health, and Sleep Patterns: A Literary Review. Cureus10.7759/cureus.30051. Link to article ↩

REF [^3^]. Santos, R. M. S., Ventura, S. d. A., Nogueira, Y. J. d. A., Mendes, C. G., de Paula, J. J., Miranda, D. M., & Romano-Silva, M. (2024). The Associations Between Screen Time and Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal NameDOI. Link to article ↩
21/02/2024

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